Before the introduction of the Phoenix missile, most other US aircraft relied on the smaller, less-expensive AIM-7 Sparrow ; classified as a Medium Range Missile ( MRM ).

Before the end of the Civil War and the introduction of the 1662 prayer book, something like a half a million prayer books are estimated to have been in circulation.

Before this, the pests were manually collected by humans, so the introduction of the toad eliminated labor costs.

Before the introduction of UTC on 1 January 1972 Greenwich Mean Time ( also known as Zulu time ) was the same as Universal Time ( UT ) which is a standard astronomical concept used in many technical fields.

Before James Brown appeared on stage, his personal MC gave him an elaborate introduction accompanied by drumrolls, as the MC worked in Brown's various sobriquets along with the names of many of his hit songs.

Before the introduction of the term paraphilia in the DSM-III ( 1980 ), the term sexual deviation was used to refer to paraphilias in the first two editions of the manual.

Before the introduction of postage stamps, mail in the UK was paid for by the recipient, a system that was associated with an irresolvable problem: the costs of delivering mail were not recoverable by the postal service when recipients were unable or unwilling to pay for delivered items, and senders had no incentive to restrict the number, size, or weight of items sent, whether or not they would ultimately be paid for.

Before the introduction of the compass, celestial navigation was the main method for navigation at sea.

Before the introduction of western cookware it was often used for all cooking techniques including:

Before the introduction of HTML and HTTP, other protocols such as File Transfer Protocol and the gopher protocol were used to retrieve individual files from a server.

Before the introduction of postal codes in Norway in 1968, it was easy to confuse the name Kristiansund with Kristiansand in the south.

Shortly after his introduction to Guy Chambers, Williams released " Old Before I Die " which would be the first single taken from his début album.

Before the introduction of digital electronic high-impedance analog transistor and field effect transistor ( FETs ) voltmeters were used.

Before the development of vaccination and the introduction of a vaccine, it was a common childhood disease worldwide.

Before the introduction of the mumps vaccine, the mumps virus was the leading cause of viral meningoencephalitis in the United States.

Before the introduction of a vaccine, the mortality of the severe form of smallpox — variola major — was very high.

Before the recent introduction of SystemVerilog, C ++ integration with a logic simulator was one of the few ways to use OOP in hardware verification.

Before the introduction of icebreakers, navigation was halted in the winter.

Before the introduction, Stanley has a private conversation with Buckley, and is pleased to learn that the young man is the head of a small company and that he is capable of providing a comfortable life for Kay.

** Before the introduction of rollfilm, folding plate cameras with limited movements as described here were often used ; an example is the Goerz Taro-Tenax 9x12cm.

Before the introduction of firearms, bows or crossbows were often used — Saint Sebastian is usually depicted as executed by a squad of Roman auxiliary archers in around 288 AD ; King Edmund the Martyr of East Anglia, by some accounts, was tied to a tree and shot dead by Viking archers on 20 November 869 or 870 AD.

Before its market introduction, the 1201 was renamed 8008, following the new naming convention started with the 4001 / 2 / 3 / 4.

Before the introduction of Arabic script in the Malay region, Malay was written using Pallava, Kawi and Rencong script and these are still in use today by the Champa Malay in Vietnam and Cambodia.

Before the introduction of the iPad, Axiotron introduced the Modbook, a heavily modified Apple MacBook, Mac OS X-based tablet computer at Macworld in 2007.

Before the introduction of gas generally in the parish there was a limited supply from the Mill to separate houses.

Before the arrival of the mobile emitter, The Doctor's holo-program was confined only to the Sickbay and the holodecks.

Before a mobile transmits there is no way to actually know the offset required.

Before Operation Reinhard, over half a million Jews had been killed by the Einsatzgruppen, mobile extermination units, in territories conquered by the German army.

Before the advent of radio, carrier pigeons were frequently used on the battlefield as a means for a mobile force to communicate with a stationary headquarters.

* The town of Swindon abandoned the use of fixed cameras in 2009, questioning their cost effectiveness with the cameras being replaced by vehicle activated warning signs and enforcement by police using mobile speed cameras: in the nine months following the switch-off there was a small reduction in accident rates which had changed slightly in similar periods before and after the switch off ( Before: 1 fatal, 1 serious and 13 slight accidents.

Before the development of emergency telephone numbers and the proliferation of mobile phones, some firefighting agencies installed callboxes at various street locations, so that a pedestrian or driver spotting a fire could quickly report it.

Before transferring the mobile phone subsidiary to BenQ, Siemens invested 250 million euros and wrote down assets amounting to 100 million euros.

Before this date, all mobile phone services were offered on a post paid basis, which excluded people with a poor credit rating.

Before the One Year War, Schmeisser was already a decorated mobile suit pilot, and in the opening days of the war proved himself as a soldier.

The first title in the Compilation was the mobile game Before Crisis: Final Fantasy VII, a prequel to Final Fantasy VII, set six years prior to the events of the original game, and focusing on the Turks, including their first encounter with AVALANCHE.

Before Crisis registered 200, 000 users on launch day, making it the best-selling mobile game up until that time.

Before the establishment and expansion of the mobile forces of special police corps in the ROC, Military Police troops were the main force to secure and prevent high-profile criminal activities, heavy violence, and frequent society disorders or riots.

Compilation titles include the film Advent Children and games Before Crisis ( mobile phone ), Dirge of Cerberus ( PS2 ), and Crisis Core ( PSP ).

Before taking the 50 minute underground tour below ground, contraband must be surrendered, such as anything containing a dry cell battery from watches to mobile phones.

Before 1997, the contestants were required to wear identical, somewhat dated, one-piece suits.

Before Quest was attached, Russian spacewalks using Orlan suits could only be done from the Zvezda service module and American spacewalks using EMUs were only possible when a Space Shuttle was docked.

Before undertaking missions, the player outfits the squad and protagonist with PBA suits and equipment.

Before coeducation, the third floor pool was strictly " no suits ," i. e. nude.