Before the introduction of the Phoenix missile, most other US aircraft relied on the smaller, less-expensive AIM-7 Sparrow ; classified as a Medium Range Missile ( MRM ).

Before the end of the Civil War and the introduction of the 1662 prayer book, something like a half a million prayer books are estimated to have been in circulation.

Before this, the pests were manually collected by humans, so the introduction of the toad eliminated labor costs.

Before the introduction of UTC on 1 January 1972 Greenwich Mean Time ( also known as Zulu time ) was the same as Universal Time ( UT ) which is a standard astronomical concept used in many technical fields.

Before James Brown appeared on stage, his personal MC gave him an elaborate introduction accompanied by drumrolls, as the MC worked in Brown's various sobriquets along with the names of many of his hit songs.

Before the introduction of the term paraphilia in the DSM-III ( 1980 ), the term sexual deviation was used to refer to paraphilias in the first two editions of the manual.

Before the introduction of postage stamps, mail in the UK was paid for by the recipient, a system that was associated with an irresolvable problem: the costs of delivering mail were not recoverable by the postal service when recipients were unable or unwilling to pay for delivered items, and senders had no incentive to restrict the number, size, or weight of items sent, whether or not they would ultimately be paid for.

Before the introduction of the compass, celestial navigation was the main method for navigation at sea.

Before the introduction of western cookware it was often used for all cooking techniques including:

Before the introduction of HTML and HTTP, other protocols such as File Transfer Protocol and the gopher protocol were used to retrieve individual files from a server.

Before the introduction of postal codes in Norway in 1968, it was easy to confuse the name Kristiansund with Kristiansand in the south.

Shortly after his introduction to Guy Chambers, Williams released " Old Before I Die " which would be the first single taken from his début album.

Before the introduction of digital electronic high-impedance analog transistor and field effect transistor ( FETs ) voltmeters were used.

Before the development of vaccination and the introduction of a vaccine, it was a common childhood disease worldwide.

Before the introduction of the mumps vaccine, the mumps virus was the leading cause of viral meningoencephalitis in the United States.

Before the introduction of a vaccine, the mortality of the severe form of smallpox — variola major — was very high.

Before the recent introduction of SystemVerilog, C ++ integration with a logic simulator was one of the few ways to use OOP in hardware verification.

Before the introduction of icebreakers, navigation was halted in the winter.

Before the introduction, Stanley has a private conversation with Buckley, and is pleased to learn that the young man is the head of a small company and that he is capable of providing a comfortable life for Kay.

** Before the introduction of rollfilm, folding plate cameras with limited movements as described here were often used ; an example is the Goerz Taro-Tenax 9x12cm.

Before the introduction of firearms, bows or crossbows were often used — Saint Sebastian is usually depicted as executed by a squad of Roman auxiliary archers in around 288 AD ; King Edmund the Martyr of East Anglia, by some accounts, was tied to a tree and shot dead by Viking archers on 20 November 869 or 870 AD.

Before its market introduction, the 1201 was renamed 8008, following the new naming convention started with the 4001 / 2 / 3 / 4.

Before the introduction of Arabic script in the Malay region, Malay was written using Pallava, Kawi and Rencong script and these are still in use today by the Champa Malay in Vietnam and Cambodia.

Before the introduction of the iPad, Axiotron introduced the Modbook, a heavily modified Apple MacBook, Mac OS X-based tablet computer at Macworld in 2007.

Before the introduction of gas generally in the parish there was a limited supply from the Mill to separate houses.

Before the development of silicon power rectifier diodes, cuprous oxide and later selenium was used ; its low efficiency gave it a much higher forward voltage drop ( typically 1. 4 to 1. 7 V per " cell ", with multiple cells stacked to increase the peak inverse voltage rating in high voltage rectifiers ), and required a large heat sink ( often an extension of the diode ’ s metal substrate ), much larger than a silicon diode of the same current ratings would require.

Before the computer age, this was accomplished by the card catalogue — a cabinet ( or multiple cabinets ) containing many drawers filled with index cards that identified books and other materials.

Before Linux 2. 6. 33, ReiserFS heavily used the big kernel lock ( BKL ) — a global kernel-wide lock — which does not scale very well for systems with multiple cores, as the critical code parts are only ever executed by one core at a time.

Before large-scale integration ( LSI ) UART integrated circuits were common, a minicomputer or microcomputer would have a serial port made of multiple small-scale integrated circuits to implement shift registers, logic gates, counters, and all the other logic for a serial port.

Before he was killed Berthold was strangled and then revived multiple times.

Before Discovery Channel Tamil, Discovery used multiple audio feed on the Discovery Channel like user can switch audieos between English, Hindi, Telugu, Bangla and Tamil.

Before the New Haven vicinity was settled, it was inhabited by multiple Indian cultures.

Special educators, with the help of the Locke administration and multiple fundraising efforts from the Billerica Parent Advisory Council for Special Education successfully opened the Locke Middle School ’ s first school store, “ Before School Starts the Store ,” this academic school year.

Before the 20th century, there were a number of wars spanning multiple continents, including:

Before this, smartphone application distribution was largely dependent on third-party sources providing applications for multiple platforms, such as GetJar, Handango, Handmark, PocketGear, and others.

Before the official adoption of the yotta prefix, the multiple was also known as otta.

Before the Union of 1707, Commissioners could represent multiple counties, or, on occasions, a part of one.

Before staring work on the album, the band was faced with multiple line-up changes.

Before matrix mechanics, the old quantum theory described the motion of a particle by a classical orbit, with well defined position and momentum X ( t ), P ( t ), with the restriction that the time integral over one period T of the momentum times the velocity must be a positive integer multiple of Planck's constant

Before the invention of printing, accounts of the same events by different eyewitnesses were sometimes retold several times before being written down, then often went through multiple rounds of translating and copyediting.

Before his appointment at Charter Oak, Klonoski was the president of the Connecticut Distance Learning Consortium ( 1998 – 2008 ), building the organization, creating multiple course delivery infrastructures, and structuring the financial foundation to pilot a virtual high school for Connecticut.

Before witnessing multiple Pikmin working together to carry a large creature, director Shigefumi Hino and the other developers were having trouble finding the direction the game would have.

Before the water reaches the falls it is split into two branches by the Kreenholm island, thus the falls consist of two sections: Kreenholm Falls to the west of the island ( 60 m in width, 6. 5 m high with multiple terraces ) and Joala Falls to the east ( 110 m in width, up to 6. 5 m high ).

Before the age of thirty most women have not established a family life and abortion is more common amongst this age group, with multiple sex partners in the younger age groups parenthood is less desired and abortion more likely.

Before the recent reform of the CET, the large proportion of multiple choice questions made this test an efficient one, but possible sacrifices in accurately measuring English language ability remained a concern.

Before the mid-20th century, a single large motor was often used to drive multiple driving wheels through connecting rods that were very similar to those used on steam locomotives.

Before release, the brothers discussed multiple developmental processes in an interview with Famitsu.

Before he departs, the Operative tells Mal of how much trouble he had caused the Alliance ( in the shooting script, he states that they had gotten multiple complaints from several worlds ), and warns him that, although their regime is weakened, they will be after him in revenge.

Before Utpaladeva, his master Somānanda wrote ( The Vision of Siva ), a devotional poem written on multiple levels of meaning.