Biological warfare

Biological warfare is considered to be primarily a strategic weapon.

Biological warfare ( also known as germ warfare ) is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi with intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war.

There is an overlap between biological warfare and chemical warfare, as the use of toxins produced by living organisms is considered under the provisions of both the Biological Weapons Convention and the Chemical Weapons Convention.

Offensive biological warfare, including mass production, stockpiling and use of biological weapons, was outlawed by the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention ( BWC ).

Though herbicides are chemicals, they are often grouped with biological warfare and chemical warfare because they may work in a similar manner as biotoxins or bioregulators and also because the Army Biological Laboratory tested them and the Army's Technical Escort Unit which all chemical, biological, radiological ( nuclear ) materials.

Biological warfare can also specifically target plants to destroy crops or defoliate vegetation.

Category: Biological warfare

# REDIRECT Biological warfare

* Biological warfare

* Biological warfare

** The U. S. and the Soviet Union join some 70 nations in signing the Biological Weapons Convention, an agreement to ban biological warfare.

Category: Biological warfare facilities

Category: Biological warfare

This type of warfare is distinct from Nuclear warfare and Biological warfare, which together make up NBC, the military acronym for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical ( warfare or weapons ), all of which are considered " weapons of mass destruction " ( WMD ).

Biological classification is a form of scientific taxonomy.

Biological processes play a major role in the removal of contaminants and biotechnology is taking advantage of the astonishing catabolic versatility of microorganisms to degrade / convert such compounds.

Biological organisms contain genetic material that is used to control their function and development.

Costa Rica is party to many environmental treaties, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Convention on Environmental Modification, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Montreal Protocol, the Ramsar Convention, the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, the Desertification Convention, the Endangered Species Convention, the Basel Convention, the Convention on the Law of the Sea, the Convention on Marine Dumping, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.

The Kerckhoff Laboratory of the Biological SciencesThe Institute is organized into six primary academic divisions: Biology, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering and Applied Science, Geological and Planetary Sciences, Humanities and Social Sciences, and Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy.

The Convention on Biological Diversity ( CBD ), known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is an international legally binding treaty.

The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity is the focal point for the International Year of Biodiversity.

The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization ( ABS ) to the Convention on Biological Diversity is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Biological taxonomy is not fixed, and placement of taxa is reviewed as a result of new research.

El Salvador is party to the Convention on Biological Diversity, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, CITES, Basel Convention, Partial Test Ban Treaty, Montreal Protocol, Ramsar Convention.

Critics, including the Center of Biological Diversity and New Mexico Department of Game and Fish, were concerned the jaguar was being sacrificed for the government's new border fence, which is to be built along many of the cat's typical crossings between the United States and Mexico.

The John Anderson school collapsed soon after Agassiz's death, but is considered a precursor of the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory, which is nearby.

Biological evolution proceeds by random variation in ensemble averages of organisms combined with culling of the less-successful variants and reproduction of the more-successful variants, and macroscale engineering design also proceeds by a process of design evolution from simplicity to complexity as set forth somewhat satirically by John Gall: " A complex system that works is invariably found to have evolved from a simple system that worked.

Biological nitrogen fixation ( BNF ) occurs when atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia by an enzyme called nitrogenase.

China is a party to the Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, the Antarctic Treaty, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Climate Change treaty, the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, the Endangered Species treaty, the Hazardous Wastes treaty, the Law of the Sea, the International Tropical Timber Agreements of 1983 and 1994, the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, and agreements on Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, and Wetlands protection.

Biological anthropology ( also known as bioanthropology and physical anthropology ) is a branch of anthropology that studies the physical development of the human species.

The nomenclature of the field is not exact: the relevant subdivision of the American Anthropological Association is the Biological Anthropology Section while the principal professional organization is the American Association of Physical Anthropologists.

Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals ( behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures ) They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropologists " into the field ," which means traveling to a community in its own setting, to do something called " fieldwork.

General limitations about the structure and philosophy of CITES include: by design and intent it focuses on trade at the species level and does not address habitat loss, ecosystem approaches to conservation, or poverty ; it seeks to prevent unsustainable use rather than promote sustainable use ( which generally conflicts with the Convention on Biological Diversity ), although this has been changing ( see Nile Crocodile, African elephant, South African white rhino case studies in Hutton and Dickinson 2000 ).

) The earliest use of the phrase seems to have been in an IBM advertising supplement to the New York Times published on April 30, 1961 and by Frank Fremont-Smith, Director of the American Institute of Biological Sciences Interdisciplinary Conference Program, in an April 1961 article in the AIBS Bulletin ( p.

Biological factors such as genetic predisposition and anthropometrics had significantly stronger causal association with carpal tunnel syndrome than occupational / environmental factors such as repetitive hand use and stressful manual work.

* Biological pacemaker, the use of transplanted cells or genes that either act as a cardiac pacemaker or transform existing cells into pacemaker cells

The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture ( IT PGRFA ), popularly known as the International Seed Treaty, is a comprehensive international agreement in harmony with the Convention on Biological Diversity, which aims at guaranteeing food security through the conservation, exchange and sustainable use of the world's plant genetic resources for food and agriculture ( PGRFA ), as well as the fair and equitable benefit sharing arising from its use.

Since then the OCC Foundation, using funds designated for the Orange Coast College School of Sailing & Seamanship, has refurbished the facilities on the island, made significant capital improvements, and has helped fund the use of the island as a field station to teach summer classes in Island Ecology, Biological Diversity, Vertebrate Biology, Intertidal Ecology, kayaking, and photography.

* Biological, Chemical & Practice based alternatives to the agricultural use of Methyl Bromide.

( The use of biological agents to kill crops may be illegal under the Biological Weapons Convention of 1975.

* Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, the use of a pathogen or toxin as a weapon of war

" In 1953, as Deputy Acting Head of Special Operations for the CIA, Olson associated with Dr. William Sargant, investigating the use of psychoactive drugs at Britain's Biological Warfare Centre at Porton Down.

Biological testing involves the use of plant, animal, and / or microbial indicators to monitor the health of an aquatic ecosystem.

Biological systems are not only interesting to MAV engineers for their use of unsteady aerodynamics with flapping wings ; they are increasingly inspiring engineers for other aspects such as distributed sensing and acting, sensor fusion and information processing.

* Biological Stain Commission, a non-profit organization that endeavours to ensure that high quality dyes and stains are available for use in biological and clinical laboratories

The Biological Weapons Convention ( 1972 ) is an international treaty banning the use or stockpiling of bio-agents ; it currently has 165 state signatories.

Consequently, Japan's army air corps in Taiwan ordered bombing runs over Wushe to smoke out the rebels, dropping tear gas bombs in what was allegedly the first such use of chemical warfare in Asia .< ref > Eric Croddy, " China's Role in the Chemical and Biological Disarmament Regimes ", The Nonproliferation Review Spring 2002: 16, < http :// cns. miis. edu / npr / pdfs / 91crod. pdf >, accessed September 24, 2011, p. 17.

# Biological debridement, or maggot debridement therapy, is the use of medical maggots to feed on necrotic tissue and therefore clean the wound of excess bacteria.

Biological hydrogen can be produced in bioreactors that use feedstocks other than algae, the most common feedstock being waste streams.

In April 2003, the Convention on Biological Diversity asked the UPOV for comment on the use of Genetic Use Restriction Technologies ( also known as terminator genes ) as they relate to the promotion of intellectual property rights.