Boniface had to uphold the sacredness of the feudal contract at all costs, for it was only as suzerain of Sicily and of the Patrimony of Peter that he had any justification for his Italian wars, but in the English-Scottish-French triangle it was almost impossible for him to recognize the claims of any one of the contestants without seeming to invalidate those of the other two.

He says relatively little about the achievements of Mercia and Wessex, omitting, for example, any mention of Boniface, a West Saxon missionary to the continent of some renown and of whom Bede had almost certainly heard, though Bede does discuss Northumbrian missionaries to the continent.

The Colonna family ( aside from the three brothers allied with the Pope ) declared that Boniface had been elected illegally following the unprecedented abdication of Pope Celestine V three years previously.

* 1294 – Pope Boniface VIII is elected Pope, replacing St. Celestine V, who had resigned.

The town is first mentioned in 742 under the name of " Erphesfurt ": in that year, Saint Boniface writes Pope Zachary to tell him that he had established three dioceses in Thuringia, one of which " in a place called Erphesfurt, which for a long time has been inhabited by pagan natives.

Thenceforth the great abbeys and episcopal seats that Saint Boniface and his successors had established in southwestern Germany had a monopoly on temporal office in Franconia, on a par with the counts of lands further west.

Pope Boniface VIII his extraordinary shortness of stature led the pope to believe he was kneeling, and to ask him three times to rise, to the immense merriment of the cardinals ; and that he had a daughter, Novella, so accomplished in law as to be able to read her father's lectures in his absence, and so beautiful, that she had to read behind a curtain lest her face should distract the attention of the students.

His first official act was to burn, in the presence of the assembled clergy, the anathema which Boniface II had pronounced against the latter's deceased rival Dioscurus on a false charge of simony and had ordered to be preserved in the Roman archives.

When Otto II sent an imperial representative, Count Sicco, to secure his release, Crescentius I and Cardinal-Deacon Franco Ferrucci, who would subsequently become Boniface VII, an antipope, had Benedict murdered while still in prison.

However, upon being elected Pope at the papal conclave of 1303, he released King Philip IV of France from the excommunication that had been laid upon him by Boniface VIII, and practically ignored Boniface's bull Unam sanctam, which asserted papal supremacy over secular rulers.

Nevertheless, on 7 June 1304, Benedict excommunicated Philip IV's implacable minister Guillaume de Nogaret and all the Italians who had played a part in the seizure of Boniface VIII at Anagni.

Meanwhile, on the Saturday after Eulalius had been elected, a majority of the priests of the church elected Boniface, who had previously been a councilor of Pope Innocent, and was also ordained on 29 December at the Church of Saint Marcellus in the Campus Martius.

Boniface was chosen by his predecessor, Pope Felix IV, who had been a strong adherent of the Arian king, and was never elected.

For a time, Boniface served as Pope in competition with the Antipope Dioscorus, who had been elected by most of the priests of Rome.

As a deacon, Boniface had impressed Pope Gregory I, who described him as a man " of tried faith and character " and selected him to be apocrisiarius ( legate, essentially the papal nuncio ) to the court of Constantinople in 603.

Boniface himself is thought to have insisted on the elections being free and fair and may have refused to take up the papacy until convinced that they had been.

Boniface had converted his own house into a monastery, where he retired and died.

To this point, Boniface the Seventh had spent nine years in Byzantium, but he still was striving for the papal throne.

With the help of Crescentius ’ sons, John and Crescentius II, along with his Greek followers, Boniface had Pope John XIV imprisoned in Castel Sant ’ Angelo.

According to Bede, Justus received letters of encouragement from Pope Boniface V ( 619 – 625 ), as did Mellitus, although Bede does not record the actual letters.

Mellitus attended a council of bishops held in Italy in February 610, convened by Pope Boniface IV.

Boniface wrote to Mellitus encouraging him in the mission, perhaps prompted by the marriage of Æthelburh of Kent to King Edwin of Northumbria.

During the pontificate of Boniface, Mellitus, the first Bishop of London, went to Rome " to consult the pope on important matters relative to the newly established English Church ".

Boniface proclaimed 1300 a " jubilee " year, the first in of many such jubilees take place in Rome.

In turn, this caused the true eighth Pope Boniface to take the number IX.

Boniface VII was then summarily excommunicated for his unsuccessful attempt to take the papacy.

During the July 1203 siege, Henry was one of eight division generals, the others including Boniface of Montferrat ( the crusade leader ), Doge Enrico Dandolo ( leader of the Venetians ), Louis of Blois ( one of the first nobles to take the cross ), and Henry's own brother, Baldwin of Flanders, who controlled the largest division.

On 14 November 1394, Boniface IX empowered the Minorites of Terra di Lavoro to take possession of the monasteries deserted by the Fraticelli.

In 609, the Byzantine emperor Phocas gave the building to Pope Boniface IV, who converted it into a Christian church and consecrated it to Sancta Maria ad Martyres, now known as Santa Maria dei Martiri: " Another Pope, Boniface, asked the same Phocas, in Constantinople to order that in the old temple called the Pantheon, after the pagan filth was removed, a church should be made, to the holy virgin Mary and all the martyrs, so that the commemoration of the saints would take place henceforth where not gods but demons were formerly worshipped.

But Macedonia had not been conquered, when the Latin imperial army began the conquest, Boniface rebelled, considering the Emperor was trying to take his share from him.

The synod, led by Boniface, decided to take Aldebert into custody.

The earliest record of a settlement at Ajaccio having a name ancestral to its name is the exhortation in Epistle 77 written in 601 CE of Gregory the great to the Defensor Boniface, one of two known rectors of the early Corsican church, not to leave Aleria and Adjacium without bishops.

This time, Bishops Pachasinus of Lilybaeum and Julian of Cos and two priests Boniface and Basil represented the western church at the council.

Yorke argues that there were two kings of Kent during Eadbald's reign, Eadbald and Æthelwald, and that Æthelwald was the " Aduluald " referred to by Boniface.

He became pope on 27 October 625, two days after the death of his predecessor, Boniface V. The festival of the Elevation of the Cross is said to have been instituted during the pontificate of Honorius, which was marked also by considerable missionary enterprise.

At the time of the seizure of Pope Boniface VIII at Anagni in 1303, Boccasini was one of only two cardinals to defend the papal party in the Lateran Palace itself.

Despite these official acts, violence broke out between the two groups, and Boniface was seized by the Prefect's police and taken to a lodging outside the walls where he was detained under the surveillance of the Prefect's agents.

After a reign spanning eleven years, in which he overthrew two popes, allowing both to die in Castel Sant ’ Angelo, Boniface VII was finally dead.

During the reign of Boniface IX two jubilees were celebrated at Rome.

The pleadings were successful in France, where many lords answered the pope ’ s call, including the army ’ s two eventual leaders, Theobald of Champagne and Boniface, marquis of Montferrat.

St. Boniface College and St. John's College, two of the founding colleges of the University, are still part of the University of Manitoba.

As early as 722, in a face to face meeting between Pope Gregory II, born and raised in Rome, and Saint Boniface, an Anglo-Saxon, Boniface complained that he found Pope Gregory's Latin speech difficult to understand, a clear sign of the transformation of Vulgar Latin in two regions of western Europe.

They had two daughters, Agnes, d. after1110 ; m. 1080 Ct Friedrich von Luetzelburg, Mgve of Susa ( died 1092 ) and Alice, d. ca 1111 ; m. 1099 Mgve Boniface of Vasto and Saluzzo.

There are also two churches: the St. Olaf Lutheran Church ( ELCA ) and St. Boniface Catholic Church.

For two years more the fighting continued with varying success, until Charles of Valois, who had been sent by Boniface to invade Sicily, was forced to sue for peace, his army being decimated by the plague.

Many sophomore men at Saint John's live in three residence halls: St. Bernard ( Bernie ), St. Boniface ( Bonnie ), and St. Patrick ( Pat ), the latter two of which are connected.

In 1189, Boniface joined the council of regency for Thomas I of Savoy, son of his cousin Humbert III, until the boy came of age about two years later.

Boniface joined the Cremona League, while the two cities joined the League of Milan.

Boniface had begun his reform attempts of the Frankish church in the 730s, and by the 740s had found a kindred spirit in Carloman, the more religiously oriented of Charles Martel's two sons who divided their father's domain.

When Carloman promised Boniface a synod, he saw an opportunity to address two of his main interests in his reform efforts: to protect church property from a rapacious gentry, and to impose stricter guidelines on the clergy.

Boniface wanted his two sons, Phileas and his younger brother Erasmus, to follow in his footsteps.

The following year, after the death of Boniface IX, he intervened in Rome in support of the Colonna family, two days after the election of the new pope, Innocent VII.

Formosus was succeeded by Pope Boniface VI, who himself died two weeks later.