Boniface had to uphold the sacredness of the feudal contract at all costs, for it was only as suzerain of Sicily and of the Patrimony of Peter that he had any justification for his Italian wars, but in the English-Scottish-French triangle it was almost impossible for him to recognize the claims of any one of the contestants without seeming to invalidate those of the other two.

He says relatively little about the achievements of Mercia and Wessex, omitting, for example, any mention of Boniface, a West Saxon missionary to the continent of some renown and of whom Bede had almost certainly heard, though Bede does discuss Northumbrian missionaries to the continent.

The Colonna family ( aside from the three brothers allied with the Pope ) declared that Boniface had been elected illegally following the unprecedented abdication of Pope Celestine V three years previously.

* 1294 – Pope Boniface VIII is elected Pope, replacing St. Celestine V, who had resigned.

The town is first mentioned in 742 under the name of " Erphesfurt ": in that year, Saint Boniface writes Pope Zachary to tell him that he had established three dioceses in Thuringia, one of which " in a place called Erphesfurt, which for a long time has been inhabited by pagan natives.

Thenceforth the great abbeys and episcopal seats that Saint Boniface and his successors had established in southwestern Germany had a monopoly on temporal office in Franconia, on a par with the counts of lands further west.

Pope Boniface VIII his extraordinary shortness of stature led the pope to believe he was kneeling, and to ask him three times to rise, to the immense merriment of the cardinals ; and that he had a daughter, Novella, so accomplished in law as to be able to read her father's lectures in his absence, and so beautiful, that she had to read behind a curtain lest her face should distract the attention of the students.

Boniface had Mellitus take two papal letters back to England, one to Æthelbert and his people, and another to Laurence, the Archbishop of Canterbury.

His first official act was to burn, in the presence of the assembled clergy, the anathema which Boniface II had pronounced against the latter's deceased rival Dioscurus on a false charge of simony and had ordered to be preserved in the Roman archives.

When Otto II sent an imperial representative, Count Sicco, to secure his release, Crescentius I and Cardinal-Deacon Franco Ferrucci, who would subsequently become Boniface VII, an antipope, had Benedict murdered while still in prison.

However, upon being elected Pope at the papal conclave of 1303, he released King Philip IV of France from the excommunication that had been laid upon him by Boniface VIII, and practically ignored Boniface's bull Unam sanctam, which asserted papal supremacy over secular rulers.

Nevertheless, on 7 June 1304, Benedict excommunicated Philip IV's implacable minister Guillaume de Nogaret and all the Italians who had played a part in the seizure of Boniface VIII at Anagni.

Meanwhile, on the Saturday after Eulalius had been elected, a majority of the priests of the church elected Boniface, who had previously been a councilor of Pope Innocent, and was also ordained on 29 December at the Church of Saint Marcellus in the Campus Martius.

Boniface was chosen by his predecessor, Pope Felix IV, who had been a strong adherent of the Arian king, and was never elected.

For a time, Boniface served as Pope in competition with the Antipope Dioscorus, who had been elected by most of the priests of Rome.

As a deacon, Boniface had impressed Pope Gregory I, who described him as a man " of tried faith and character " and selected him to be apocrisiarius ( legate, essentially the papal nuncio ) to the court of Constantinople in 603.

Boniface himself is thought to have insisted on the elections being free and fair and may have refused to take up the papacy until convinced that they had been.

To this point, Boniface the Seventh had spent nine years in Byzantium, but he still was striving for the papal throne.

With the help of Crescentius ’ sons, John and Crescentius II, along with his Greek followers, Boniface had Pope John XIV imprisoned in Castel Sant ’ Angelo.

Hence Eadbald must have been converted by Justus, as is implied by Boniface ’ s letter to Justus.

In 609, the Byzantine emperor Phocas gave the building to Pope Boniface IV, who converted it into a Christian church and consecrated it to Sancta Maria ad Martyres, now known as Santa Maria dei Martiri: " Another Pope, Boniface, asked the same Phocas, in Constantinople to order that in the old temple called the Pantheon, after the pagan filth was removed, a church should be made, to the holy virgin Mary and all the martyrs, so that the commemoration of the saints would take place henceforth where not gods but demons were formerly worshipped.

The dispute lead to open warfare, and in September Boniface appointed Landolfo to the command of his army, to put down the revolt of Landolfo's own Colonna relatives.

Boniface VIII had arranged that this would be done to offset the fact that his predecessor was still alive, which caused him to worry that the legitimacy of his own papacy would be thrown into doubt.

However, Boniface VIII, then 68 years of age, was deeply shattered by this attack on his own person and died a few weeks later.

Felix attempted to designate his own successor: Pope Boniface II.

Boniface then nominated his own candidate, Richard of Chichester, and although the king objected, Pope Innocent IV confirmed Richard's election.

In his own realm, Carloman strengthened his authority in part via his support of the Anglo-Saxon missionary Winfrid ( later Saint Boniface ), the so-called " Apostle of the Germans ," whom he charged with restructuring the church in Austrasia.

During the July 1203 siege, Henry was one of eight division generals, the others including Boniface of Montferrat ( the crusade leader ), Doge Enrico Dandolo ( leader of the Venetians ), Louis of Blois ( one of the first nobles to take the cross ), and Henry's own brother, Baldwin of Flanders, who controlled the largest division.

In Montferrat he was succeeded by Boniface, but his own heiress was born posthumously: a daughter Maria of Montferrat, ' La Marquise ', who in 1205 became Queen of Jerusalem on Isabella's death, but died young in childbirth.

At Messina, amid the fighting between the Genoese and Pisan fleets, Vaqueiras protected his lord with his own shield – an act which helped the troubador win a knighthood from Boniface that year, after the campaign's successful conclusion: Henry's coronation in Palermo.

Philip forbade Saisset or any of them to attend and forestalled Boniface by organizing a counter-assembly of his own, held in Paris in April 1302.

Pope Felix IV wished Boniface to succeed him, partially to avoid the riots that had occurred on his own accession.

Boniface VIII abrogated all the decretals of the popes subsequent to the appearance of the Decretals of Gregory IX which were not included or maintained in force by the new collection ; but as this collection later than that of Gregory IX, it modifies those decisions of the latter collection which are irreconcilable with its own.

The omissions are not restricted to Wilfrid ; Bede makes no mention at all of Boniface, though it is unlikely he knew little of him ; and the final book contains less information about the church in his own day than could be expected.

Boniface subsequently ( 742 ) elevated Büraburg to a bishopric, the first in Germany east of the Roman Limes, but after the death of the only bishop, Witta, in 748 the bishopric was incorporated by Lullus, Boniface's successor as archbishop of Mainz, into his own diocese.

Boniface, whose relationship to her could be as near as that of uncle, entrusted Leoba with a great deal of authority, and Rudolf of Fulda indicates that she was not merely in charge of her own house, but all of the nuns who worked for Boniface.

Frederick landed in Calabria, where he seized several towns, encouraged revolt in Naples, negotiated with the Ghibellines of Tuscany and Lombardy, and assisted the house of Colonna against Pope Boniface.

Other family members who lived in the same house were his maternal grandmother and his uncle Boniface Breton.

Joinville was a close friend, confidant, and counsellor to the king, and also participated as a witness in the papal inquest into Louis ' life that ended with his canonisation in 1297 by Pope Boniface VIII.

Boniface obtained leave from the Byzantine Emperor Phocas to convert the Pantheon in Rome into a Christian church, and on 13 May 609 (?

Benedict VII was elected pope in October 974 with the approval of Sicco and supposedly even the Crescentii family who behind the initial rebellion that put Boniface VII into power.

In the bull, Boniface states " they exact and demand from the same the half, tithe, or twentieth, or any other portion or proportion of their revenues or goods ; and in many ways they try to bring them into slavery, and subject them to their authority.

Interestingly, at this face to face meeting, Boniface complained that he found Gregory ’ s Latin difficult to understand, a clear indication that Vulgar Latin had already started to evolve into the Romance languages.

The community that grew around the cathedral eventually became the city of St. Boniface, which merged into the city of Winnipeg in 1971.

Meanwhile Saint Lullus, successor of Boniface as archbishop of Mainz, tried to absorb the abbey into his archbishopric, but failed.

John was released into the custody of Pope Boniface VIII on condition that he remain at a papal residence.

After the assassination in 1398 of Biordo Michelotti, who had made himself lord of Perugia, the city became a pawn in the Italian Wars, passing to Gian Galeazzo Visconti ( 1400 ), to Pope Boniface IX ( 1403 ), and to Ladislaus of Naples ( 1408 – 14 ) before it settled into a period of sound governance under the Signoria of the condottiero Braccio da Montone ( 1416 – 24 ), who reached a concordance with the Papacy.

In this enterprise in the summer of 1204, Baldwin came into collision with Boniface of Montferrat, the rival candidate for the empire, who was to receive a large territory in Macedonia with the title of King of Thessalonica.

St Augustine of Canterbury in seventh-century England and St. Boniface in eighth-century Germany fell into this category.

Boniface declared the election invalid, and attempted to install Adam Marsh into the see.

Having got into a violent conflict with the King of France, Philip the Fair, who assigned himself the right to tax the French clergy, Boniface VIII emanated the famous Bull Unam Sanctam of 1302, which arrogated to the Pope's absolute supremacy over earthly power, against the king.

Veit's principal work is the large fresco of The Introduction of Christianity into Germany by St Boniface, at the Städel.

There were numerous skirmishes and raids, including at Ricaldone and Caranzano, but by 1199 it was clear the war was lost, and Boniface entered into negotiations.

A major character of Alexandre Dumas's novel La Reine Margot, la Môle is transformed into Joseph-Hyacinthe Boniface de Lerac de la Mole, a Protestant nobleman saved by Queen Marguerite during the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.

Formerly called Nhutscelle ( in an 8th-century life of Saint Boniface ), then Nutshalling until the mid-19th century, it has now been absorbed into the suburbs of Southampton, although it is not officially part of the city ( remaining part of the Test Valley borough ).

" This gave great offence to Pope Boniface I and the emperor Honorius, and the decree was never put into execution.

However, the Venetians felt that Boniface was too closely tied to the Byzantine Empire, as his brother Conrad had married into the Byzantine royal family.

In the interview Neptune claims he was not even present when interim-president Boniface Alexandre was sworn into office.

With the founding of a Roman Catholic mission in 1818, St Boniface began its role in Canadian religious, political and cultural history-as mother parish for many French settlements in Western Canada ; as the birthplace of Louis Riel and fellow Métis who struggled to obtain favourable terms for Manitoba's entry into Confederation ; and as a focus of resistance to controversial 1890 legislation to alter Manitoba's school system and abolish French as an official language in the province ( see Manitoba Schools Question ).