Although he rejected the transcendental / metaphysical interpretation given to these phenomena outright, Braid accepted that these accounts of Oriental practices supported his view that the effects of hypnotism could be produced in solitude, without the presence of any other person ( as he had already proved to his own satisfaction with the experiments he had conducted in November 1841 ); and he saw correlations between many of the " metaphysical " Oriental practices and his own " rational " neuro-hypnotism, and totally rejected all of the fluid theories and magnetic practices of the mesmerists.

Braid therefore revised the theory and practice of Mesmerism and developed his own method of " hypnotism " as a more rational and " common sense " alternative.

Braid soon assimilated Carpenter's observations into his own theory, realising that the effect of focusing attention was to enhance the ideo-motor reflex response.

Within a few days following his observation of Lafontaine, in November 1841, Braid began experimenting with his own method, and soon began giving public lectures.

While a member of Braid, Broach started playing in his own side project called The Firebird Suite.

Braid made a rough distinction between different stages of hypnosis, which he termed the first and second conscious stage of hypnotism ; he later replaced this with a distinction between " sub-hypnotic ", " full hypnotic ", and " hypnotic coma " stages.

Despite briefly toying with the name " rational Mesmerism ", Braid ultimately emphasised his approach's uniqueness, carrying out informal experiments throughout his career to refute the arguments invoking supernatural practices, and demonstrate instead the role of ordinary physiological and psychological processes such as suggestion and focused attention in producing the observed effects.

Braid worked very closely with his friend and ally the eminent physiologist Professor William Benjamin Carpenter, an early neuro-psychologist, who introduced the " ideo-motor reflex " theory of suggestion.

The form of hypnotherapy practiced by most Victorian hypnotists, including James Braid and Hippolyte Bernheim, mainly employed direct suggestion of symptom removal, with some use of therapeutic relaxation and occasionally aversion to alcohol, drugs, etc.

This can cross-over with other action genres: a platform game which requires a novel mechanic to complete levels might be a " puzzle platformer ", such as manipulating time in Braid.

James Braid, surgeon and pioneer of hypnotism and hypnotherapy, practised in Dumfries from 1825 to 1828 in partnership with William Maxwell.

* The Enchanted Braid: Coming to Terms with Nature on the Coral Reef ( 1998 )

: Not to be confused with the River Braid, Ballymena, Northern Ireland.

The Braid Taylor Memorial Medal and the Tooting Bec Cup are restricted to members born in, or with a parent or parents born in, the UK or Republic of Ireland.

Perhaps as a result of his association with Charles Anderson, Braid became a " corresponding " member of the learned society, the Wernerian Natural History Society.

* Braid, J., Neurypnology or the Rationale of Nervous Sleep Considered in Relation with Animal Magnetism Illustrated by Numerous Cases of its Successful Application in the Relief and Cure of Disease, John Churchill, ( London ), 1843.

), Neurypnologie: Traité du Sommeil Nerveux, ou, Hypnotisme par James Braid ; Traduit de l ' anglais par le Dr Jules Simon ; Avec preface de C. E. Brown-Séquard Treatise on Nervous Sleep or Hypnotism by James Braid, translated from the English by Dr. Jules Simon, with a preface by C. E.

Dargestellt von W. Preyer … Nebst einer ungedruckten Original-Abhandlung von Braid in Deutscher Uebersetzung Discovery of Hypnotism, presented by W. Preyer, together with a hithertofore unpublished paper by Braid in its German translation, Verlag von Gebrüder Paetel, ( Berlin ), 1881.

Both original courses were designed by James Braid, along with Littlehill Golf Course in Auchinairn, which opened in 1923.

Other industries, such as ship building and repair on an area known as the Braid, now a greenfield site with a modern marina, and sea fishing, expanded with the growth of the town, although traditional Northumbrian fishing vessels such as cobles have sheltered in the natural harbour for centuries previously.

Alexandra Ripley, née Braid ( January 8, 1934 – January 10, 2004 ) was an American writer best known as the author of Scarlett ( 1991 ), the sequel to Gone with the Wind.

The Millennium Line opened on January 2, 2002, with trains initially operating between Waterfront Station on the Expo Line and Braid Station in eastern New Westminster-this was referred to as Phase I.

The area has originated a great deal of musical talent, starting with REO Speedwagon, Head East, Dan Fogelberg and including HUM, Poster Children, Hardvark, The Moon Seven Times, Braid, Castor, National Skyline, Absinthe Blind, Headlights and The Beauty Shop.

His system, however, is the very antithesis of that of Braid, for he makes use of a purely psychological method, without fixation of the eyes, or nervous or arterial changes ; and also without the passes or contact with the magnetisers.

Braid extended Carpenter's theory to encompass the observation that a wide variety of bodily responses, other than muscular movement, can be thus affected, e. g., the idea of sucking a lemon can automatically stimulate salivation, a secretory response.

In Braid's day, the Scottish School of Common Sense provided the dominant theories of academic psychology and Braid refers to other philosophers within this tradition throughout his writings.

When Braid introduced the concept of hypnotism, he equivocated over the nature of the " state ", sometimes describing it as a specific sleep-like neurological state comparable to animal hibernation or yogic meditation, while at other times he emphasised that hypnotism encompasses a number of different stages or states that are

For other uses see Braid ( disambiguation ).

Nanna's other band, Friction, broke up in July 1994 after a short tour, turning Braid from a side project into the band members ' main focus.

Douglas Hofstadter also discusses this painting and other images like it in Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, a work on cognition and consciousness.

Also of importance to the development of CAD was the development of the B-rep solid modeling kernels ( engines for manipulating geometrically and topologically consistent 3D objects ) Parasolid ( ShapeData ) and ACIS ( Spatial Technology Inc .) at the end of the 1980s and beginning of the 1990s, both inspired by the work of Ian Braid.

James Braid ( 19 June 1795 – 25 March 1860 ) was born at Ryelaw House, in the parish of Portmoak, Kinross, Scotland.

Braid was appointed surgeon to Lord Hopetoun's mines at Leadhills, Lanarkshire, in 1816 ; and in 1825 he set up in private practice at Dumfries.

Braid was a highly skilled and very successful surgeon, educated at Edinburgh University, and a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons ( M. R. C. S.

Despite being initially accepted for presentation, the paper was controversially rejected at the last moment ; but Braid arranged for a series of Conversaziones at which he presented its contents.

Although Braid was the first to use the terms hypnotism, hypnotize and hypnotist in English, the cognate terms hypnotique, hypnotisme, hypnotiste had been intentionally used by the French magnetist Baron Etienne Félix d ' Henin de Cuvillers ( 1755 – 1841 ) at least as early as 1820.

* Braid, J., " The Physiology of Fascination " ( Miscellaneous Contribution to the Botany and Zoology including Physiology Section ), Report of the Twenty-Fifth Meeting of the British Association ; Held at Glasgow in September 1855, John Murray, ( London ), 1856, pp. 120 – 121.

Nebst Anmerkungen und einer nachgelassenen Abhandlung von Braid aus dem Jahre 1845 Lectures delivered at the Emperor Frederick William ’ s University at Berlin by W. Preyer.

On Thursday February 20, 1817, during a severe electrical storm James Braid, then surgeon at Lord Hopetoun's mines at Leadhills, Lanarkshire, had an extraordinary experience whilst on horseback:

Past winners at St Andrews include Tiger Woods ( twice ), John Daly, Nick Faldo, Seve Ballesteros, Jack Nicklaus ( twice ), Tony Lema, Kel Nagle, Bobby Locke, Peter Thomson, Sam Snead, Dick Burton, Denny Shute, Bobby Jones, Jock Hutchison, James Braid ( twice ), John Henry Taylor ( twice ), Hugh Kirkaldy, Jack Burns, Bob Martin ( twice ), Jamie Anderson, Tom Kidd, Lorena Ochoa, and most recently Louis Oosthuizen at the 2010 Open Championship.

Hypnosis originates from the practice of Mesmerism, being an attempt at what the surgeon James Braid described as " rational mesmerism ".

In 1998, Braid recorded their third album at Inner Ear Studios with producer J. Robbins.

On August 10th, 2012, Braid played at Union Transfer in Philadelphia, PA with polyvinyl label mate Owen.

* Braid artist page at Polyvinyl

Alan Fraser was relieved of his duties for failing to meet the ambitions of the United board just hours after the final League game of the season, which also proved to be long-serving Dessie Loughery ’ s last game as he made a controversial move to Coleraine after 11 years at the Braid.

It proved a season of rebuilding in the second-tier of Irish League football as the erratic Shiels made a number of ' big-name ' signings which all flopped before the eyes of the supporters ; former Northern Ireland goalkeeper Tommy Wright, former Leeds United defender Paul Beesley and Liberian striker Leon Browne all failed miserably to make an impact at the Braid.

It is particularly well-preserved at the Braid Hills golf course in Edinburgh.

The basic method for BREP was developed independently in the early 1970s by both Ian C. Braid in Cambridge ( for CAD ) and Bruce G. Baumgart at Stanford ( for computer vision ).