Their kind created an American culture superior to any in the world, an industrial and technological culture which penetrated Russia as it did almost every corner of the earth without a nickel from the Federal treasury or a single governmental specialist to contrive directives or program a series of consultations of interested agencies.

It also weakened our diplomatic stance, because Russia could easily guess we did not desire a nuclear war except in the ultimate extremity.

Professor McNeill thinks that at Yalta, Stalin did not fully realize the dilemma which faced him, that he thought the exclusion of the anti-Soviet voters from East European elections would not be greatly resented by his allies, while neither Roosevelt nor Churchill frankly faced `` the fact that, in Poland at least, genuinely free democratic elections would return governments unfriendly to Russia '', by any definition of international friendliness.

Even the 1874 invention of mechanical calculator, Odhner arithmometer, had not replaced them in Russia and likewise the mass production of Felix arithmometers since 1924 did not significantly reduce their use in the Soviet Union.

This oath however did not alleviate concerns regarding loyalty to Russia in time of crisis, especially since nearly 50 % of all military personnel were ethnically Russian at the end of 1992.

According to Ivinskaya, " He began to say what an authentic event the funeral was -- an expression of what people really felt, and so characteristic of the Russia which stoned its prophets and did its poets to death as a matter of longstanding tradition.

Since the USSR's collapse, Russia faced many problems that free market proponents in 1992 did not expect.

Ironically, the first new film released in Soviet Russia did not exactly fit this mold: this was Father Sergius, a religious film completed during the last weeks of the Russian Empire but not yet exhibited.

The Red Finns did not accept total alliance with the Bolsheviks ; major disputes continued over demarcation of the border between Red Finland and Soviet Russia, and over the civil rights of Russian citizens in Finland.

On 30 January 1918 General Mannerheim proclaimed to Russian soldiers in Finland that the White army did not fight against Russia: the goal of the White campaign was to beat the Finnish Red rebels and the Russian troops supporting them.

Finnish nationalists leaning on Germanism had been seeking German aid in freeing Finland from Russian hegemony since Autumn 1917, but the Germans did not want to prejudice their armistice and peace negotiations with Russia because of the pressure they were facing at the Western front.

The German army did not alter its military plans concerning Finland after the peace treaty with the Bolsheviks because the Civil War of the Finns had opened an easy access with low costs to Fennoscandia, and because troops of a British Naval squadron had invaded the harbour of Murmansk on the northwestern coast of Russia by the Arctic Ocean on 9 March 1918.

Unlike the Jews of Poland and Russia whose first language was Yiddish, Hungarian Jews did not adopt Yiddish as their primary language.

Gallipoli did not experience any more wars until World War I, when British and colonial forces attacked the peninsula in 1915, seeking to secure a route to relieve their ally Imperial Russia in the east.

In 1380, at Kulikovo on the Don River, the Mongols were defeated, and although this hard-fought victory did not end Tatar rule of Russia, it did bring great fame to the Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoy.

Not until 2005 did Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan agree to begin demarcating their shared borders.

He did manage to comment substantially on contemporary politics, particularly in Germany and Russia.

In the late 19th-and early 20th centuries, although some boundary agreements were signed between Great Britain, Afghanistan and Russia over the northern borders of Kashmir, China never accepted these agreements, and the official Chinese position did not change with the communist revolution in 1949.

Moreover, because the industrialization was financed mostly with foreign capital, Imperial Russia ( 1721 – 1917 ) did not possess a revolutionary bourgeoisie with political and economic influence upon the workers and the peasants ( as occurred in the French Revolution, 1789 ).

In 2007 Russia and Burma did a controversial nuclear research center deal.

Attempts to reconcile Germany and Russia did not have lasting effect: the Three Emperors ' League was re-established in 1881, but quickly fell apart ( the end of the Russian-Austrian-Prussian solidarity which had existed in various forms since 1813 ).

Mein Kampf said Germany's destiny was to turn " to the East " as it did " six hundred years ago " and " the end of the Jewish domination in Russia will also be the end of Russia as a State.

The agreement proposed that an " international administration " would be established in an area shaded brown on the agreement's map, which was later to become Palestine, and that the form of the administration would be " decided upon after consultation with Russia, and subsequently in consultation with the other allies, and the representatives of the sheriff of Mecca ".

Although the Bolshevik leadership decided to form a separate party, convincing pro-Bolshevik workers within Russia to follow suit proved difficult.

Some researchers consider that contemporary Russia is not a true democracy and instead resembles a form of dictatorship.

Marinetti rejected conventional democracy for based on majority rule and egalitarianism while promoting a new form of democracy, that he described in his work " The Futurist Conception of Democracy " as the following: " We are therefore able to give the directions to create and to dismantle to numbers, to quantity, to the mass, for with us number, quantity and mass will never be — as they are in Germany and Russia — the number, quantity and mass of mediocre men, incapable and indecisive ".

* 1815 – Austria, the United Kingdom, and France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia.

Laika is memorialized in the form of a statue and plaque at Star City, Russia, the Russian Cosmonaut training facility.

In September 2008, Gorbachev and billionaire Alexander Lebedev announced they would form the Independent Democratic Party of Russia, and in May 2009 Gorbachev announced that the launch was imminent.

That led to the development of a special form of folk art known as lubok printing, which persisted in Russia well into the 19th century.

Russia did not declare its independence, and Yeltsin continued to hope that some form of confederation could be established.

Ralston in his Songs of the Russian People gives the form of incantation still familiar in Russia.

* January 3, 1815 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia.

* December 30 – Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and the Transcaucasia come together to form the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

* January 3 – Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restored France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia.

Some of them believed that the Russian peasant commune, or Mir, offered an attractive alternative to Western capitalism and could make Russia a potential social and moral savior representing thus a form of Russian messianism.

Ballet is a type of performance dance, that originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century, and which was further developed in France and Russia as a concert dance form.

*** Bewick's Swan, Cygnus ( columbianus ) bewickii is the Eurasian form that migrates from Arctic Russia to western Europe and eastern Asia ( China, Japan ) in winter.

This proved to be the most widely used form of privatization in Russia.

After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Russia remained the largest Orthodox nation in the world and claimed succession to the Byzantine legacy in the form of the Third Rome idea.

The Chukchi people of Chukchi Peninsula in the extreme northeast of Russia also practice a form of throat singing.

In Imperial Russia, the Paris Commune model form of government was realised in the soviets ( councils of workers and soldiers ) established in the Russian Revolution of 1905, whose revolutionary task was deposing the capitalist ( monarchical ) state to establish socialism — the dictatorship of the proletariat — the stage preceding communism.

Acmeism, or the Guild of Poets, was a transient poetic school which emerged in 1910 in Russia under the leadership of Nikolay Gumilev and Sergei Gorodetsky. Their ideals were compactness of form and clarity of expression.

On December 8, Belarus joined Russia and Ukraine in signing the Minsk Agreement to form the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ), which formally put an end to the Soviet Union.

In Russia and the CIS countries, ponchiki (, plural form of пончик, ponchik ) or pyshki (, especially in St. Petersburg ) are a very popular sweet doughnut, with many fast and simple recipes available in Russian cookbooks for making them at home as a breakfast or coffee pastry.

In 1975, he invited the heads of government from West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States to a summit in Rambouillet, to form the Group of Six ( now the G8, including Canada and Russia ) major economic powers.