By 1600, however, people were starting to call themselves " bon françois.

By 1600, the Missouria lived near the confluence of the Grand and Missouri rivers, where they settled through the 18th century.

By 1600, the medieval wall is likely to have been seen more as a platform for displaying hangings and the pomery as a gathering ground for the spectators or as a source of building stone and a site for its use.

By the year 1600, Braunschweig was the seventh largest city in Germany.

By c. 1600, the Jesuits stationed in China, led by Matteo Ricci, were pretty sure that it was, but others were not convinced yet.

By 1600 the Ewenkis or Evenkis of the Lena and Yenisey valleys were successful reindeer herders.

By agreement, that last Israel element was withdrawn by 1600 GMT on 8 March and a full Israeli withdrawal from the Sharm al Shaikh area was effected at the same time.

By 1600, it was in the library of Lord Lumley and by 1621 the manuscript was in the possession of Robert Cotton.

By 1950 this collection had swollen to more than 1, 500 volumes including 150 printed before 1600 and even a small amount predating 1500.

By 1600, it had become the market town for western Wigtownshire.

By 1600, Nidwalden was known as Unterwalden proper or Subsylvania, while Obwalden was known as " Unterwalden ob dem Wald ", strictly speaking an oxymoron, as it were Subsylvania super silva.

By 1600, the manor house had fallen into disrepair and was occupied only by a shepherd.

By the time of the readership poll, the HB Viva was within a year of being replaced even though the 1600 version itself had only been offered since 1968, so the sample will have been relatively small: it appears that the low satisfaction rate may have reflected not so much the car ’ s design but rather a lack of effective quality control in the manufacturing processes.

By 1499 Oxford's yearly landed income had risen to £ 1600.

By the Azuchi-Momoyama period ( 1568 – 1600 ) the bay was known as Edo Bay, a reference to the city Edo.

By the end of the war, the Navy had over 1600 warships.

By 1600 the following changes had occurred:

By the time European settlers arrived around 1600 – 1650, the majority of the Native Americans living in the eastern United States had been decimated by new diseases, introduced to them decades before by explorers and sailors.

By 1600, about 25 % of Poland's population lived in urban centers ( settlements with over 500 people ).

By 1600 Birmingham ranked alongside London as one of the two great concentrations of iron merchants in the country, flourishing from its economic freedom and its proximity to manufacturers and raw materials, while London's traders remained under the control of a powerful corporate body.

By around 1600 BC the Southwest of Britain was experiencing a trade boom as British tin was exported across Europe, evidence of ports being found in Southern Devon at Bantham and Mount Batten.

By about 1600, blue-and-white wares were being produced, labelling the contents within decorative borders.

* c. 1600: By now, perhaps 250, 000 Indians and Inuit ( Eskimo ) inhabit what is now Canada.

By the 19th century, horses weighing more than 1600 pounds that also moved at a quick pace were in demand.

By 1850, Luanda was one of the greatest and most developed Portuguese cities in the vast Portuguese Empire outside Mainland Portugal, full of trading companies, exporting ( together with Benguela ) palm and peanut oil, wax, copal, timber, ivory, cotton, coffee, and cocoa, among many other products.

By the middle of the 19th century, industrialisation swept away most of the city's medieval rules of production and commerce, although the entirely corrupt remains of the city's mediæval constitution was kept in place ( compare the famous remarks of Georg Forster in his Ansichten vom Niederrhein ) until 1801, when Aachen became the " chef-lieu du département de la Roer " in Napoléon's First French Empire.

By 454, the Delian League could be fairly characterized as an Athenian Empire ; at the start of the Peloponnesian War, only Chios and Lesbos were left to contribute ships, and these states were by now far too weak to secede without support.

By 150 BC, Assyria was under the control of the Parthian Empire as Athura ( the Parthian word for Assyria ) where the Assyrian city of Ashur seems to have gained a degree of autonomy, and temples to the native gods of Assyria were resurrected.

By the early 20th century, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia had achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire, but large parts of their ethnic populations remained under Ottoman rule.

By the 18th century, the Ottoman Empire was driven out of Hungary, and Austria brought the empire under central control.

By 1080, a huge area had been lost to the Empire, and the Turks were within striking distance of Constantinople.

By the end of Qianlong Emperor's long reign, the Qing Empire was at its zenith.

By the terms of the agreement, the election of bishops and abbots in Germany was to take place in the emperor's presence as judge between potentially disputing parties, free of bribes, thus retaining to the emperor a crucial role in choosing these great territorial magnates of the Empire.

By the mid-19th century, however, the powerful British Empire gave up mercantilism and trade restrictions and introduced the principle of free trade, with few restrictions or tariffs.

By the first century BC Germanic languages had become prevalent, and the inhabitants were called Belgæ while the area was the coastal district of Gallia Belgica, the most northeastern province of the Roman Empire at its height.

By the time the film " The Empire Strikes Back " was released in 1980 Star Wars fanzines had surpassed Star Trek zines in sales.

By provoking Britain, France, the Netherlands and the Empire to form the Quadruple Alliance, his hasty and ambitious plans brought a flood of disaster to Spain, for which Alberoni was held responsible.

By the 1860s, the Russian Empire – continued as the Soviet Union – became the largest contiguous state in the world, and the latter's main successor, Russia, continues to be so to this day.

By granting land to the abbotts and bishops he appointed, Otto actually made these bishops into " princes of the Empire " ( Reichsfürsten ); in this way, Otto was able to establish a national church.

By the end of the Hittite Empire, the Hittite language had become a written language of administration and diplomatic correspondence.

By the end of the Roman Empire, having undergone Christian attack and repression, Epicureanism had all but died out, and would be resurrected in the 17th century by the atomist Pierre Gassendi, who adapted it to the Christian doctrine.

By the start of the 18th century, a political union between Scotland and England became politically and economically attractive, promising to open up the much larger markets of England, as well as those of the growing British Empire.

By contrast it was continually read and taught in the Greek-speaking Eastern Roman Empire where the majority of the classics also survived.

By the 18th century, it had transformed itself into the Maratha Empire under the rule of the peshwas ( prime ministers ).

By the mid-15th century, the Benin Empire was engaged in political expansion and consolidation.

By the 17th century, the Maravi Empire encompassed all the area between Lake Malawi and the mouth of the Zambezi River.

By the 18th century, the Tsardom of Russia had become the huge Russian Empire, stretching from the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth eastward to the Pacific Ocean.

By this time Tiberius had left more of the day-to-day running of the Empire to Lucius Aelius Sejanus.

By this time the Portuguese Empire had already lost its interest on the spice trade sea route because of the decreasing profitability of that business.