By May 1683 the Ottoman threat to Emperor Leopold I's capital, Vienna, was very real.

While Oxford officially marks the year 1683 as its founding because in that year it was first named by the Maryland General Assembly as a seaport, the town began between 1666 and 1668 when were laid out as a town called Oxford by William Stephens, Jr .. By 1669 one of the first houses was built for Innkeeper Francis Armstrong ( see Talbot County Land Records, A 1, f. 10 / 11 ).

By 1683, Sultan Mehmet IV abolished the devşirme, as increasing numbers of originally Muslim Turkish families had already enrolled their own sons into the force hoping for a lucrative career.

By 1683 this appeared as a lengthy appendix.

By his wife, Bridget Cromwell, Ireton left one son, Henry Ireton ( c. 1652 – 1711 ), and three daughters, one of whom, Bridget Bendish ( she married Thomas Bendish in 1670 ) is said to have compromised herself in the Rye House Plot of 1683, as did Henry.

By 1683 the College part of the structure was finished, the new building was built out of plain bricks of three storeys with a basement and attic levels in additions.

By 1854 the tower had a ring of six bells, of which the two oldest were cast in 1638 and the remainder in 1679, 1683, 1729 and 1854.

By 1683 the cost of building the house had risen to over £ 1, 000 (£ as of ).

By these paintings he became well known, and was employed by the Archbishop of Saragossa in 1683.

By now a court loyalist, he was in a position to visit in the Tower of London both Arthur Capell, 1st Earl of Essex ( brother to his first wife ) in 1683, and in the next reign the Duke of Monmouth, and to plead the cause of Alice Lisle when she had been sentenced by Judge George Jeffreys.

By the 1670s he was a merchant in the African slave trade, but he suffered major losses when a ship in which he had a large share was seized for breaching the Royal African Company's licensed monopoly, and in the 1680s he was involved in the development of Jersey in the United States, being appointed to the board of the East Jersey Board of Proprietors in 1683.

By 1683, they were operating in the Mbundu-speaking regions of eastern Angola ; a treaty with Queen Verónica I ( 1683 – 1722 ) of Ndongo-Matamba specified that she would promise not to continue trading with them.

By failing to do as he was told instantly -- to take out a permit or return the gun to his car -- he had played into Lord's hands.

By now Curt was seeing clearly again.

By her eighteenth birthday her bent for writing was so evident that Papa and Mamma gave her a Life Of Dickens as a spur to her aspiration.

By now she was sure she was going to have a baby, deciding it would be born in India or Burma that November.

By this time she had learned that it was futile to argue with her young husband, yet the uncomfortable fact remained: the American Congregationalists were sending them as missionaries to the Far East and paying their salaries.

By now he was undergoing a fresh torrent of abuse from Tory papers and pamphlets, and action was being taken to effect his punishment by expulsion from Parliament.

By this time word had got around that an American doctor was on the premises.

By our policy the West was -- is -- split.

By the time he was under the covers he had forgotten about seeing Kate.

By the time he was prosperous enough -- his goals were high -- he was bald and afraid of women.

By late afternoon the train inched into the marshaling yards in the railhead at Lublin, which was filled with lines of cars poised to pour the tools of war to the Russian front.

By odd coincidence, on the evening of her return Shelley chose to read Parisina, which was the latest of the titled poet's successes.

By the time the film was released we were three million dollars over-spent, war was imminent and the public apparently had forgotten all about Mother Cabrini.

By this method it was determined that the normal pressure exerted by a sample of polybutene ( molecular weight reported to be 770 ) was over half an atmosphere.

By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

By Nov. 8, 1958, weakness, specifically involving the pelvic and thigh musculature, was pronounced, and a common complaint was `` difficulty in stepping up on to curbs ''.

Serum potassium at this time was 3.8 mEq. per liter, and the hemoglobin was 13.9 gm. By Dec. 1, 1958, the weakness in the pelvic and quadriceps muscle groups was appreciably worse, and it became difficult for the patient to rise unaided from a sitting or reclining position.

By this time, as we shall see, the Tories were already planning to `` punish '' Steele for his political writing by expelling him from the House of Commons.

By the time we arrived and entered the building sacred music was already swelling out into the chapel-like auditorium with its discreet symbols of religious faiths.

By the time we arrived, the party was already going strong.

By this time, the use of the glyph had already reached Persia, and was mentioned in Al-Khwarizmi's descriptions of Indian numerals.

By age 19, Diabelli had already composed several important compositions, including six masses.

By opening the stop wider, similar deviations arise for lateral points as have been already discussed for axial points ; but in this case they are much more complicated.

By the time of the rediscovery of the Roman law in Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries, the common law had already developed far enough to prevent a Roman law reception as it occurred on the continent.

By 1910, the profession, " chemical engineer ", was already in common use in Britain and the United States.

By 14 he had already written a short adventure novel called The Black Diamonds which was lost for years until published in 2002.

By the time Caligula's loyal Germanic guard responded, the emperor was already dead.

By December 1981, however, the U. S. had already begun to support armed opponents of the Sandinista regime.

By the time the anti-popes were all deposed and the new Pope, Martin V, was elected, two years had passed since Gregory XII's abdication, and Gregory was already dead.

By March 1963 however, after the visit of Colonel Michael Greene of the United States Army, and the resulting ' Greene Plan ,' the pattern of bilaterally agreed military assistance to various Congolese military components, instead of a single unified effort, was already taking shape.

By luck, these men found the Valley of Copiapó, where a Spaniard called Gonzalo Calvo Barrientos, a Spaniard whom Pizarro had expelled from Peru for stealing objects the Inca had offered for his ransom, had already established a friendship with the local natives.

By the time DDT was introduced in the U. S., the disease had already been brought under control by a variety of other means.

By the time Dewey moved to Chicago at the age of thirty-five, he had already published two books on psychology and applied psychology.

By October 1558, Elizabeth was already making plans for her government.

By the time Birrell cabled his reply authorising the action, at noon on Monday 24 April 1916, the Rising had already begun.

By the time British reinforcements arrived in the west, the rising there had already disintegrated.

By 1905 there were already 27 magazines being published ( Auld 1988 ).

By the start of World War I the cinema in Poland was already in full swing, with numerous adaptations of major works of Polish literature screened ( notably the Dzieje grzechu, Meir Ezofowicz and Nad Niemnem.

By 1931, Curtiz had already been in Hollywood for half a decade, making as many as six films a year.

By the time the Marxes made their first movie, they were major stars with sharply honed skills, and when Groucho was relaunched to stardom on You Bet Your Life, he had already been performing successfully for half a century.

By the time You Bet Your Life debuted on TV on October 5, 1950, Groucho had grown a real mustache ( which he had already sported earlier in the films Copacabana and Love Happy ).

By that time the murres, or Atlantic guillemots, had apparently already split from the other Atlantic alcids.