By making comparisons across cultural traditions ( time-based ) and cultural regions ( space-based ), anthropologists have developed various kinds of comparative method, a central part of their science.

By the summer of 1866 Johnson's method of restoring states to the Union by executive fiat, without safeguards for the Union Party or the freedmen, was in deep trouble.

By the Roman period brass was being deliberately produced from metallic copper and zinc minerals using the cementation process and variations on this method continued until the mid 19th century.

By " computerizing " this method of communications, the name of the first BBS system was born: CBBS-Computerized Bulletin Board System.

By this method each bull can serve very many cows, so only a very few of the purebred dairy male calves are needed to provide bulls for breeding.

By regulating the processing parameters — especially the gases introduced, but also including the pressure the system is operated under, the temperature of the diamond, and the method of generating plasma — many different materials that can be considered diamond can be made.

By extension, the word for carrying or drawing a beer came to mean the serving of the beer and, in some senses, the act of drinking, or a drink of beer itself, regardless of serving method.

By comparing the length and intensity of various methods of therapies, it was proven that intensity is a better predictor of recovery than the method of therapy used.

By 1992, the standard method of locating someone's e-mail address was to find their organization's CCSO nameserver entry in Gopher, and query the nameserver.

By the 14th century however, on Mount Athos the terms Hesychasm and Hesychast refer to the practice and to the practitioner of a method of mental ascesis that involves the use of the Jesus Prayer assisted by certain psychophysical techniques.

By non-constructive Davis means that " a proof that there actually are mathematic entities satisfying certain conditions would have to provide a method to exhibit explicitly the entities in question.

By using this method students gain the big idea they're taught and later are more willing to learn and keep the specifics of the concept or theory taught.

By determining the intersection of the two hyperbolic curves identified by this method, a geographic fix can be determined.

By using this method, one can create a relatively secure password which would still be easily remembered.

By the end of the sixteenth century this had largely displaced the buon fresco method, and was used by painters such as Gianbattista Tiepolo or Michelangelo.

By default, the method with the most specific argument classes is chosen ; then in the order in which parent classes are named in the subclass definition.

Keyboard macros have in more recent times come to life as a method of exploiting the economy of massively multiplayer online role-playing game ( MMORPG ) s. By tirelessly performing a boring, repetitive, but low risk action, a player running a macro can earn a large amount of the game's currency or resources.

By 2001, few lower-end printer models came with support for PostScript, largely due to growing competition from much cheaper non-PostScript ink jet printers, and new software-based methods to render PostScript images on the computer, making them suitable for any printer ; PDF, a descendant of PostScript, provides one such method, and has largely replaced PostScript as de facto standard for electronic document distribution.

By this definition, scientific refers to the empirical method of investigation.

By the twentieth century, the modern notion of science as a special brand of information about the world, practiced by a distinct group and pursued through a unique method, was essentially in place.

By dividing Somalia's cities into specific quarters, the private sector has found a manageable method of providing cities with electricity.

By this method of zig-zagging into the wind, known as beating, it is possible to reach any upwind destination.

By sending messages to a method activation can ask questions like " who sent this message to me ".

By a straightforward reduction to the halting problem it is possible to prove that ( for any Turing complete language ) finding all possible run-time errors in an arbitrary program ( or more generally any kind of violation of a specification on the final result of a program ) is undecidable: there is no mechanical method that can always answer truthfully whether a given program may or may not exhibit runtime errors.

By failing to do as he was told instantly -- to take out a permit or return the gun to his car -- he had played into Lord's hands.

By now Curt was seeing clearly again.

By her eighteenth birthday her bent for writing was so evident that Papa and Mamma gave her a Life Of Dickens as a spur to her aspiration.

By now she was sure she was going to have a baby, deciding it would be born in India or Burma that November.

By this time she had learned that it was futile to argue with her young husband, yet the uncomfortable fact remained: the American Congregationalists were sending them as missionaries to the Far East and paying their salaries.

By now he was undergoing a fresh torrent of abuse from Tory papers and pamphlets, and action was being taken to effect his punishment by expulsion from Parliament.

By this time word had got around that an American doctor was on the premises.

By our policy the West was -- is -- split.

By the time he was under the covers he had forgotten about seeing Kate.

By the time he was prosperous enough -- his goals were high -- he was bald and afraid of women.

By late afternoon the train inched into the marshaling yards in the railhead at Lublin, which was filled with lines of cars poised to pour the tools of war to the Russian front.

By odd coincidence, on the evening of her return Shelley chose to read Parisina, which was the latest of the titled poet's successes.

By the time the film was released we were three million dollars over-spent, war was imminent and the public apparently had forgotten all about Mother Cabrini.

By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

By Nov. 8, 1958, weakness, specifically involving the pelvic and thigh musculature, was pronounced, and a common complaint was `` difficulty in stepping up on to curbs ''.

Serum potassium at this time was 3.8 mEq. per liter, and the hemoglobin was 13.9 gm. By Dec. 1, 1958, the weakness in the pelvic and quadriceps muscle groups was appreciably worse, and it became difficult for the patient to rise unaided from a sitting or reclining position.

By this standard, it is determined that where two stations operating on the same frequency are involved, objectionable interference from station A exists at any point within the service area of station B where station A's signal is of an intensity one-twentieth or more of the strength of station B's signal at that point.

By using the appropriate version any one of these factors can be determined for any combination of the other three.

By " time-gating " the detector for the arrival of a particular species of interest its crystallographic distribution on the surface, and as a function of depth, can be determined.

By measuring the mean squared displacement over a time interval along with the universal gas constant, the temperature, the viscosity, and the particle radius, Avogadro's number can be determined.

" By 24 July his fleet was resupplied and, having determined that the French must be somewhere in the Eastern Mediterranean, Nelson sailed again in the direction of Morea.

By studying how quickly the reagent species disappears in the presence of differing concentrations of a ( usually stable ) co-reagent species the reaction rate constant at the low temperature of the CRESU flow can be determined.

By 1534 the Spanish crown had determined to split the region in two parallel lines, forming the governorship of " Nueva Castilla " ( from the 1 ° to the 14 ° latitude, close to Pisco ), and that of " Nueva Toledo " ( from the 14 ° to the 25 ° latitude, in Taltal, Chile ), assigning the first to Francisco Pizarro and the second to Diego de Almagro.

By placing the molecules in wells in the gel and applying an electric field, the molecules will move through the matrix at different rates, determined largely by their mass when the charge to mass ratio ( Z ) of all species is uniform, toward the ( negatively charged ) cathode if positively charged or toward the ( positively charged ) anode if negatively charged.

By contrast, the year of death can be determined only through indirect sources.

By December 1990, a study to estimate the project's cost determined that long-term expenditure would total approximately 450 billion dollars spread over 20 to 30 years.

By determining the timing between the activation of the first and second switches, the velocity of a key press can be determined — greatly improving the performance dynamic of a keyboard.

By and large, good moves in the very earliest stages are determined by whether there is a refutation to a move only and few other truly general considerations aside from what exactly constitutes a refutation.

By then he was determined to leave Russia, at least temporarily.

* By what is the price of a commodity determined ?, a brief statement of Karl Marx's rival account

By 1916, Yeats was 51 years old and determined to marry and produce an heir.

By correlating a ( delayed version of ) the transmitted signal with the received signal, a precise round trip light time to the remote location can be determined.

By November 2010, the location of the rover had been determined to within about a centimeter.

By now, Alfred I, Prince of Windisch-Grätz, the influential military commander in Bohemia, was determined to see the young Archduke soon put onto the throne.

By the 1840s, some Hicksite Quakers determined to bring women and men together in the faith as an expression of their spiritual equality.

By comparing the arrival times of gamma showers with the separations of the spacecraft, a location can be determined, for follow-up with other telescopes.

By 1956 however, this policy had proved ineffectual, while Luns and the Dutch government were still determined not to transfer West New Guinea to the Republic of Indonesia.

By the time the game begins, and the player is called upon to choose which boxes to take, the prediction has already been made, and the contents of box B have already been determined.

By using photographs of the accident scene including the vehicle, " lost " evidence can be recovered and accurately determined.