By 1740 the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer and because of its cheapness it became popular with the poor, leading to the so-called Gin Craze.

By the early 18th century, the table sauce had made it to the Malay states ( present day Malaysia and Singapore ), where it was discovered by British explorers, and by 1740, it had become a British staple.

By summer 1740, the Frost had decimated the potatoes and the drought had decimated the grain harvest and herds of cattle and sheep.

By December 1740, signs were growing that full-blown famine and epidemic were upon the citizens of Ireland.

By about 1740 French villages were well established on Miramichi Bay at Bay du Vin and Neguac.

By the time of Henry's death in 1740, both of his sons had died, Anthony ( in 1723 ) and George ( in 1733 ), leaving the Duke of Kent without a male heir.

By 1740 more than 12, 000 Swiss soldiers were in French service.

By 1740, he was the master of pottery at Fenton Low.

By 1740, six times more gin than beer was being produced, and of the 15, 000 drinking establishments in London, half were gin-shops.

By 1740, Benjamin Huntsman was making straight razors complete with decorated handles and hollow-ground blades made from cast steel, using a process he himself invented.

By her he had two sons, Charles, who succeeded to the baronetcy on his father's death in 1740 and became 2nd Earl of Egremont in 1750, and Percy who was created Percy Wyndham-O ' Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond in 1756.

By 1740, he established a studio and residence in the San Giacomo district of Venice, and took on numerous apprentices.

By 8 am the following morning, 1 August, the ramparts were strengthened between the Cow Tower and Bishopsgate, so Sheffield retired to The Maid's Head inn for breakfast.

By population, Sheffield ranked tenth out of the 32 cities and towns in Berkshire County, and 269th out of 351 cities and towns in Massachusetts.

By 1983 the line had been electrified from Moorgate to Bedford, but proposals to continue electrification to Nottingham and Sheffield have not been implemented.

By contrast, the original Sheffield Rules had no offside rule, and players known as " kick-throughs " were positioned permanently near the opponents ' goal.

By his first wife, Mary, daughter of Edmund Sheffield ( afterwards 1st Earl of Mulgrave ), he had six daughters and two sons: Thomas, who succeeded him as the third Lord Fairfax, and Charles, a colonel of horse, who was killed at Marston Moor.

By the time he moved to Sheffield, Dickinson's parents were earning a good living from buying property, refurbishing it and then selling it for a profit.

By 1862 there were 15 clubs in the Sheffield area.

By this time the club had decided only to play teams outside Sheffield in order to seek a bigger challenge.

By 1877, a crowd of 8, 000 watched The Wednesday beat Hallam in the Sheffield Challenge Cup.

By James II, Lady Dorchester had a daughter Lady Catherine Darnley ( died 1743 ), who married James Annesley, 3rd Earl of Anglesey, and after his death married John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby.

Other work in the theatre includes: Beasts and Beauties, Too Clever By Half ( Norwegian National Theatre, Bergen ); Much Ado About Nothing ( Maxim Gorki Theatre, Berlin ); The Cosmonauts Last Message ...( Donmar Wharehouse ); Oh What a Lovely War, Guys and Dolls ( Haymarket Theatre, Leicester ); Billy Budd ( Crucible Theatre, Sheffield ).

By 1988 the Bishop of Sheffield sanctioned the moving of the Nine O ' Clock Service to a new site at Ponds Forge Rotunda in the centre of Sheffield.

By 1916 the cemetery was rapidly filling up and running out of space, burials in family plots continued through the 1950s and 1960s, but by 1978 ownership of the cemetery had passed to Sheffield City Council and it was closed to all new burials.

By 1857, Applegarth was confident that he could support his wife in America so sent for her from Sheffield, but she was too ill to travel and so he returned to Sheffield.

By June 1846, however, the company had negotiated an alternative arrangement with the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway.

By the early 1860s there were over 15 clubs in the Sheffield area and they were the first to start inter-club games.

By this time Sheffield F. C.

By 1867 the Sheffield Rules was the dominant code in England.

By the 1880s the influence of the Sheffield FA started to wane.

By the middle of the decade several local clubs, including Sheffield and Hallam F. C., were in financial trouble.

By 1867 the vast majority of matches in Sheffield involved teams of between 11 and 14.

By October, a report had been produced, which suggested that the locks on the canal from Sheffield to Keadby were too small, and that the waterway could be greatly improved by building new locks besides the existing ones, capable of holding boats which could carry 300 or 500 tons.

Serum potassium at this time was 3.8 mEq. per liter, and the hemoglobin was 13.9 gm. By Dec. 1, 1958, the weakness in the pelvic and quadriceps muscle groups was appreciably worse, and it became difficult for the patient to rise unaided from a sitting or reclining position.

By December, 1958, when ' Abdallah Ibrahim became President of the Council, elections had even greater importance.

By Cyrene, Apollo had a son named Aristaeus, who became the patron god of cattle, fruit trees, hunting, husbandry and bee-keeping.

By contrast, the cursive developed out of the Nabataean alphabet in the same period soon became the standard for writing Arabic, evolving into the Arabic alphabet as it stood by the time of the early spread of Islam.

By 1980 the infrequency of sightings of Mount Ararat, which looms about sixty kilometers across the Turkish border, became a symbol of worsening air pollution in Yerevan.

By the middle of the 19th century, industrialisation swept away most of the city's medieval rules of production and commerce, although the entirely corrupt remains of the city's mediæval constitution was kept in place ( compare the famous remarks of Georg Forster in his Ansichten vom Niederrhein ) until 1801, when Aachen became the " chef-lieu du département de la Roer " in Napoléon's First French Empire.

By 1946, as the growing fellowship quarreled over structure, purpose, and authority, as well as finances and publicity, Wilson began to form and promote what became known as AA's Twelve Traditions, guidelines for an altruistic, unaffiliated, non-coercive, and non-hierarchical structure that limited AA's purpose to only helping alcoholics on a non-professional level while shunning publicity.

By virtue of Article II of the Treaty of Union, which defined the succession to the throne of Great Britain, the Act of Settlement became part of Scots Law as well.

By Otto's marriage to Eilika, daughter of Magnus, Duke of Saxony, the Ascanians became heirs to half of the property of the House of Billung, former dukes of Saxony.

By 1919, the SANNC was leading a campaign against passes but then became dormant in the mid-1920s.

By the late 1980s, the cellular industry's subscriber base had grown into the millions across America and it became necessary to add channels for additional capacity.

By the turn of the century, cycling clubs flourished on both sides of the Atlantic, and touring and racing became widely popular.

By his advice Benedict became a hermit and for three years, unknown to men, lived in this cave above the lake.

By World War II, the use of the smaller divisions, platoons and companies, became much more important as precise operations became vital.

By the 18th century an increasing number of new plants had arrived in Europe from newly discovered countries and the European colonies worldwide and a larger number of plants became available for study.

" By 1972 when GE and RCA were no longer in the mainframe business, the remaining five companies behind IBM became known as the BUNCH, an acronym based on their initials.

By resigning Laws became the shortest serving Minister in modern British political history with less than 18 days service as a Cabinet Minister.

By that time, the majority of black people were U. S .- born, so use of the term " African " became problematic.

By then, early dance camps, retreats, and weekends had emerged, such as Pinewoods Camp, in Plymouth, Massachusetts, which became primarily a music and dance camp in 1933, and NEFFA, the New England Folk Festival, also in Massachusetts, which began in 1944.

By the 16th century, Spanish conquistadors began to subdue and colonize the region of present-day Chile, and the territory became a colony from 1540 to 1818, when it gained independence from Spain.

By cutting transportation costs in half or more it became a large profit center for Albany, New York and New York City as it allowed the cheap transportation of many of the agricultural products grown in the mid west of the United States to the rest of the world.

By the middle of the 18th century, " casuistry " became a synonym for moral laxity.

By the early 1920s, unit operations became an important aspect of chemical engineering at MIT and other US universities, as well as at Imperial College London.

By the 1940s, it became clear that unit operations alone was insufficient in developing chemical reactors.