By 1740 the production of gin had increased to six times that of beer and because of its cheapness it became popular with the poor, leading to the so-called Gin Craze.

By the early 18th century, the table sauce had made it to the Malay states ( present day Malaysia and Singapore ), where it was discovered by British explorers, and by 1740, it had become a British staple.

By summer 1740, the Frost had decimated the potatoes and the drought had decimated the grain harvest and herds of cattle and sheep.

By December 1740, signs were growing that full-blown famine and epidemic were upon the citizens of Ireland.

By about 1740 French villages were well established on Miramichi Bay at Bay du Vin and Neguac.

By the time of Henry's death in 1740, both of his sons had died, Anthony ( in 1723 ) and George ( in 1733 ), leaving the Duke of Kent without a male heir.

By 1740 Sheffield became the most extensive user of water-power in Britain and probably in Europe.

By 1740 more than 12, 000 Swiss soldiers were in French service.

By 1740, six times more gin than beer was being produced, and of the 15, 000 drinking establishments in London, half were gin-shops.

By 1740, Benjamin Huntsman was making straight razors complete with decorated handles and hollow-ground blades made from cast steel, using a process he himself invented.

By her he had two sons, Charles, who succeeded to the baronetcy on his father's death in 1740 and became 2nd Earl of Egremont in 1750, and Percy who was created Percy Wyndham-O ' Brien, 1st Earl of Thomond in 1756.

By 1740, he established a studio and residence in the San Giacomo district of Venice, and took on numerous apprentices.

By failing to do as he was told instantly -- to take out a permit or return the gun to his car -- he had played into Lord's hands.

By now Curt was seeing clearly again.

By her eighteenth birthday her bent for writing was so evident that Papa and Mamma gave her a Life Of Dickens as a spur to her aspiration.

By now she was sure she was going to have a baby, deciding it would be born in India or Burma that November.

By this time she had learned that it was futile to argue with her young husband, yet the uncomfortable fact remained: the American Congregationalists were sending them as missionaries to the Far East and paying their salaries.

By now he was undergoing a fresh torrent of abuse from Tory papers and pamphlets, and action was being taken to effect his punishment by expulsion from Parliament.

By this time word had got around that an American doctor was on the premises.

By our policy the West was -- is -- split.

By the time he was under the covers he had forgotten about seeing Kate.

By the time he was prosperous enough -- his goals were high -- he was bald and afraid of women.

By late afternoon the train inched into the marshaling yards in the railhead at Lublin, which was filled with lines of cars poised to pour the tools of war to the Russian front.

By odd coincidence, on the evening of her return Shelley chose to read Parisina, which was the latest of the titled poet's successes.

By the time the film was released we were three million dollars over-spent, war was imminent and the public apparently had forgotten all about Mother Cabrini.

By this method it was determined that the normal pressure exerted by a sample of polybutene ( molecular weight reported to be 770 ) was over half an atmosphere.

By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

By Nov. 8, 1958, weakness, specifically involving the pelvic and thigh musculature, was pronounced, and a common complaint was `` difficulty in stepping up on to curbs ''.

Serum potassium at this time was 3.8 mEq. per liter, and the hemoglobin was 13.9 gm. By Dec. 1, 1958, the weakness in the pelvic and quadriceps muscle groups was appreciably worse, and it became difficult for the patient to rise unaided from a sitting or reclining position.

By 1979 master plan development was handled by the firm of Sasaki & Associates, which continued to work alongside the university in the years that followed.

" By chance, a 35 mm nitrate composite master positive ( fine grain ) of the 1945 version survived.

) By 1818 the East India Company was master of all of India.

By the 1960s and 1970s, the style of film shooting and editing shifted to include radical angles that conveyed more subjectivity and intimacy within the scenes Today, the master shot is still an extremely important element of film production, but scenes are not built around the master shot in the same way that they were when professional filmmaking was in its infancy.

By this time, the children were practically indistinguishable from the real children of the master, since they grew up regarding one another as brothers.

By the late 19th century an elaborate and rigid set of rules detailing the laws of the game, its etiquette and the techniques of play, had been developed that took a large amount of study to master.

By the eighteenth century, schools were established to teach penmanship techniques from master penmen, especially in England and the United States.

By broad consent, Carmen represents the fulfilment of Bizet's development as a master of music drama, and the culmination of the genre of opéra comique.

By the end of 1789 he had also begun to study under the topographical draughtsman Thomas Malton, whom Turner would later call " My real master ".

( Although Cruden appears to have made an error in writing this, since his source, Holinshed, does not date Borthwick that early, and Caldwell agrees ) By 1511 Edinburgh was the principal foundry in Scotland, supplanting Stirling Castle, with Scottish and European smiths working under Borthwick, who by 1512 was appointed " master melter of the king's guns ".

By strict economy of time he accomplished an immense amount of work ; he exacted similar application from his dependents, and proved himself a hard husband, a strict father, a severe and cruel master.

By luck Superdupont is a master in the savate also known as boxe française (" French boxing "), which gives some superiority over his opponents.

By 1860 Virginian author George Fitzhugh was using the " challenging phrase “ master race ”, which soon came to mean considerably more than the ordinary master-slave relationship ".

By 1737, a master silk weaver of Lyon, Jean Falcon, had increased the number of warp threads that the loom could handle automatically.

By the start of the 20th century, Trinity House lightvessels had a crew of 11, of whom 7 ( a master and 6 ratings ) would be on active duty at any one time.

By 1927 the school became a separate program with a two-year master of arts.

By 1820 the schoolmaster's basic salary was still fixed at £ 15, although the master at this time, William Webb, received gratuities of £ 20 in both 1818 and 1819.

By outsmarting his white master, he exemplified antislavery sentiment.

By that time, many people questioned eugenics after Nazi Germany had embraced it to create a " master race ".

By May 1247, as-Salih Ayyub was master of Syria south of Lake Homs, having gained Banyas and Salkhad.

By the time he was 12, he was considered an accomplished shot with both gun and bow, and was well known as a master horseman.

By the age of fourteen Veronese apprenticed with the local master Antonio Badile, and perhaps with Giovanni Francesco Caroto.

By the 1970s, there were more than 70 accredited library schools with master ’ s programs in US and Canada.

By his comtemporaries and after his death Stubbs was considered to have been in the front rank of historical scholars both as an author and a critic, and as a master of every department of the historian's work, from the discovery of materials to the elaboration of well founded theories and literary production.