By 1865, following the American Civil War, stocks in small industrial companies, such as iron and steel, textiles and chemicals were first sold by curbstone brokers.

By the end of 1865, almost 100 clubs were members of the NABBP.

By 1865, he's reported as living back in Houston.

By 1865, the German physicist Rudolf Clausius had shown that this equivalence principle needed amendment.

By 1865 he had moved into banking and specialized in selling municipal, state, and government bonds.

By 1865 the Delegacy had ceased to be ' perpetual ,' and evolved into five perpetual and five junior posts filled by appointment from the University, with the Vice Chancellor a Delegate ex officio: a hothouse for factionalism that Price deftly tended and controlled.

By 1865, an initial printing of 1200 copies of his Mémoires was completed.

By 1865, the Confederate dollar was worthless due to massive inflation, and people in the South had to resort to bartering services for goods, or else use scarce Union dollars.

By December 6, 1865, the amendment was ratified and Johnson considered Reconstruction over.

By 1865 there was a huge dancing platform, a rebuilt theatre, high-wire acts, pantomime, music hall and the original Siamese twins.

By order of the Governor, the courthouse was relocated to the schoolhouse at Cave Springs ( near present day La Russell, Missouri ) in 1865.

By 1865, most of the Lugo ranch, divided among five sons and three daughters, had been sold off for as little as a dollar per acre.

By 1865, the population of Newton grew to 300 and a decade later reached 400 people.

By 1865, Robert B. Gregg owned the land and platted 127 lots on the south side of the Thornapple River.

By 1865 the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad Company had begun a railroad extending northward through the village.

By an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 23, 1865, Haddon Township was incorporated from portions of Newton Township.

By 1865, the population was 888.

By 1865, the population was 1, 167.

By 1865, Marysville had six dry goods stores, one hardware store, nine or ten groceries, a mill, a woolen factory, and most of the trades and professions.

By 1865, the Jersey was operated by the Delaware Lackawanna & Western Railroad and had an estimated annual capacity of 50, 000 tons.

By 1865, Darlington was the headquarters for the Third Separate Brigade of the Military District of Eastern South Carolina and the Freedman's Bureau.

By 1865 the population was about 2, 700.

By 1865, the Smithsonian Institution began a catalog of current scientific papers, which became the International Catalogue of Scientific Papers in 1902.

By 1865 Hermann's health was deteriorating and a new principal conductor, Alfred Mellon, was appointed in September.

By Spring 1810, President Madison was specifically asking Congress for more appropriations to increase the Army and Navy in preparation for war with Britain.

By Spring 1646, his father was losing the war, and Charles left England due to fears for his safety, going first to the Isles of Scilly, then to Jersey, and finally to France, where his mother was already living in exile and his first cousin, eight-year-old Louis XIV, was king.

A few years later, Williams published one of his seminal books of poetry, Spring and All, which contained classic Williams poems like " By the road to the contagious hospital ," " The Red Wheelbarrow ," and " To Elsie.

By the Spring of 1429, the English outworks covered only the south and west of the city, with the northeast basically left open ( nonetheless swarming with English patrols ).

By tradition and by Carson's own public statements, the impetus for Silent Spring was a letter written in January 1958 by Carson's friend, Olga Owens Huckins, to The Boston Herald, describing the death of numerous birds around her property resulting from the aerial spraying of DDT to kill mosquitoes, a copy of which Huckins sent to Carson.

By the Spring and Autumn Period ( 770 BC-476 BC ), the territory of today's Hubei was part of the powerful state of Chu.

By the mid-19th century, as Roaring Spring was first growing, the regional peculiarities of folk architecture were gradually disappearing under the railroad's and the industrial revolution's influences.

By 1800, Liberty — then called Liberty Spring — was included in the newly formed Pendleton District, which included most of modern-day Anderson, Oconee, and Pickens Counties.

By 1873, Liberty Station was built north of Liberty Spring after Mrs. Catherine Templeton deeded her land to the railroad company.

By the time Glade Spring was incorporated in 1875, there were 31 houses ( three were brick ), six stores, two hotels, and a Masonic Hall.

Walker sang on a rare Donovan's Brain track, " 22 Lost Marbles " ( which appeared on A Pot By Any Other Name, a free CD with issue 30 ( Spring 2001 ) of the independent music magazine Ptolemaic Terrascope ), and a Brain cover of a song " The Single # 2 ", originally by the band Man.

By the Spring 1971 Gerry Bron's deal with Philips / Vertigo was over, so he set up his own label, Bronze Records.

By Spring 1990, Scholz was back in the studio working on the band's fourth studio album.

In For My Own Amusement, he joked that West Buckland could be likened to schools in The Spring Madness of Mr Sermon, The Avenue and A Horseman Riding By, and that it had earned its fees three times over.

By the start of the Spring 1975 promotional tour for Stampede, Johnston's condition was so precarious that he required emergency hospitalization for a bleeding ulcer.

By the Spring of 1963, Baldwin had become so much a spokesman for the Civil Rights Movement that for its May 17 issue on the turmoil in Birmingham, Alabama, Time magazine put James Baldwin on the cover.

#" Immigrant Dreams and Civic Promises: ( Con -) Testing Identity in Early Jewish American Literature and Gish Jen's Mona in the Promised Land " By: Furman, Andrew ; MELUS, 2000 Spring ; 25 ( 1 ): 209-26.

By the Spring of 1921, the British had rebuilt their Intelligence organisation in Dublin, and the IRA were planning another assassination attempt on British agents in the summer of that year.

By Spring 1966, the RLAF had grown to 40 T-28s.

By the end of the year the MOB was a passenger only operation, however in Spring 2007 the company purchased nine gravel ( hopper ) wagons and two surplus locomotives from the Transports Publics Fribourgeois ( TPF ) ( previously GFM ).

By mid-1940, however, the operations of the five major scheduled carriers servicing Newark by Spring, 1939 all relocated to La Guardia Airport in Queens, NY which opened on December 2, 1939 as the city's own municipal passenger airport.

By the Spring of 2000, the College ’ s steadily increasing enrollment reached a new record of 1328 students.

* " The Molecular Poetics of Before Night Falls ," By: Teresa Rizzo, Rhizomes: Cultural Studies in Emerging Knowledge, 2006 Spring ; 11-12.

By the Atlantic Ocean the flora is distinctly maritime, characterised by Thrift and Bladder campion on exposed clifftops and Spring squill and heather growing in the turf.