By 1865, following the American Civil War, stocks in small industrial companies, such as iron and steel, textiles and chemicals were first sold by curbstone brokers.

By the end of 1865, almost 100 clubs were members of the NABBP.

By 1865, he's reported as living back in Houston.

By 1865, the German physicist Rudolf Clausius had shown that this equivalence principle needed amendment.

By 1865 he had moved into banking and specialized in selling municipal, state, and government bonds.

By 1865 the Delegacy had ceased to be ' perpetual ,' and evolved into five perpetual and five junior posts filled by appointment from the University, with the Vice Chancellor a Delegate ex officio: a hothouse for factionalism that Price deftly tended and controlled.

By 1865, an initial printing of 1200 copies of his Mémoires was completed.

By 1865, the Confederate dollar was worthless due to massive inflation, and people in the South had to resort to bartering services for goods, or else use scarce Union dollars.

By December 6, 1865, the amendment was ratified and Johnson considered Reconstruction over.

By order of the Governor, the courthouse was relocated to the schoolhouse at Cave Springs ( near present day La Russell, Missouri ) in 1865.

By 1865 Spring Place was known as an area occupied by Confederate Guerrillas.

By 1865, most of the Lugo ranch, divided among five sons and three daughters, had been sold off for as little as a dollar per acre.

By 1865, the population of Newton grew to 300 and a decade later reached 400 people.

By 1865, Robert B. Gregg owned the land and platted 127 lots on the south side of the Thornapple River.

By 1865 the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad Company had begun a railroad extending northward through the village.

By an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 23, 1865, Haddon Township was incorporated from portions of Newton Township.

By 1865, the population was 888.

By 1865, the population was 1, 167.

By 1865, Marysville had six dry goods stores, one hardware store, nine or ten groceries, a mill, a woolen factory, and most of the trades and professions.

By 1865, the Jersey was operated by the Delaware Lackawanna & Western Railroad and had an estimated annual capacity of 50, 000 tons.

By 1865, Darlington was the headquarters for the Third Separate Brigade of the Military District of Eastern South Carolina and the Freedman's Bureau.

By 1865 the population was about 2, 700.

By 1865, the Smithsonian Institution began a catalog of current scientific papers, which became the International Catalogue of Scientific Papers in 1902.

By 1865 Hermann's health was deteriorating and a new principal conductor, Alfred Mellon, was appointed in September.

By comparison, Stone Harbor bird sanctuary's allies seem less formidable, for aside from the Audubon Society, they are mostly the snowy, common and cattle egrets and the Louisiana, green, little blue and black-crowned herons who nest and feed there.

By this time there is little doubt but what election plans were complete.

By 1960 there were such schools in all but 4 states.

By themselves they may not be able to save the life on this planet, but without them there would be very little left worth saving.

By saying `` another emotional death '', she reveals that there has been a previous one, although she has not described it in words.

I grinned at him, handed him a couple of dollars and said, `` By the time you get the parking charge figured up, there should be a cigar in it for you ''.

By 335 BC he had returned to Athens, establishing his own school there known as the Lyceum.

By 1840 there were still only ten colonial bishops for the Church of England ; but even this small beginning greatly facilitated the growth of Anglicanism around the world.

By 1903 the Liberals were so dominant that there was no longer an organized opposition in Parliament.

By 1073 there were only two Englishmen in episcopal sees, and by the time of William's death in 1089, there was only one, Wulfstan II of Worcester.

Proof: By symmetry, it suffices to prove that there is some constant c such that for all bitstrings s

By its terms the boundary between Alfred ’ s and Guthrum ’ s kingdoms was to run up the River Thames, to the River Lea ; follow the Lea to its source ( near Luton ); from there extend in a straight line to Bedford ; and from Bedford follow the River Ouse to Watling Street.

By the 1850s when they first came into sustained contact by outside groups, there were estimated 7, 000 Adamanese, divided into the following major groups:

By his zeal and exertions – for there were many conflicting interests to reconcile – he adjusted the affair in a manner at once creditable to his judgment and fortunate for his country.

By the beginning of World War II, many towns and cities had built space, and there were numerous qualified pilots available.

" Caplan comments on the impact of the Supreme Court's decision making it necessary for there to be evidence of guilt in such a plea, " By requiring that there be some evidence of guilt in such a situation, the decision attempts to protect the ' really ' innocent from the temptations to which plea-bargaining and defense attorneys may subject them.

By the end of the 18th century there were no factories or mills and only a few small cottage industries along the border with Zurich.

By the mid-nineteenth century there were Wesleyan, Primitive Methodist, United Free Methodist, Congregationalist, Baptist, Swedenborgian, Unitarian, Roman Catholic and Catholic Apostolic churches in the town.

By the 2nd century there were also famous Christian ascetics, such as Saint Thecla.

By the 15th century there is evidence for the renewed use of lidded cementation crucibles at Zwickau in Germany.

By the 6th century AD there is evidence of the foundation of a Bavarian stem duchy whose leadership was related to the ruling Frankish ( and possibly Alemannic / Swabian ) houses.

By 16: 00, Alexander and Swiftsure were also in sight, although some distance from the main British fleet, and Brueys gave orders to abandon the plan to remain at anchor and instead for his line to set sails, although Blanquet protested the order on the grounds that there were not enough men aboard the French ships to both sail the ships and man the guns.

By 1950, there were only 100, 000 monolingual Bretons, and a rapid decline since, with likely no monolingual speakers left today.