By the spring of 1917, many Black Hand leaders, including Apis, had been arrested.

By 1917, all but one of the males on Clipperton had died.

By 1917 Chaplin was also introducing more dramatic plot into his films, and mixing the comedy with sentiment.

By 1917 Finland had experienced rapid population growth, industrialization, improvements in the economy and standard of living, and the rise of a comprehensive labor movement ; economic, social, and political divisions were deepening while the Finnish political system was in an unstable phase of democratization and modernization.

By autumn 1917, in the power vacuum following the dissolution of parliament and in the absence of a stable government or a Finnish army, such forces began assuming a more military character.

By autumn 1917, however, these attempts at peaceful resolution had failed, and the power vacuum began to be filled by the paramilitary troops of the right and left.

By the time he opened his own furniture workshop in 1917, Rietveld had taught himself drawing, painting and model-making.

By defeating Russia in 1917 Germany was able to bring hundreds of thousands of combat troops from the east to the Western Front, giving it a numerical advantage over the Allies.

By 1917, this was extremely unpopular in Ireland due to heavy casualties on the Western Front.

By 1917, the population of Shcheglovo had grown to around 4, 000 people.

By the end of 1917, Trotsky was unquestionably the second man in the Bolshevik Party after Lenin, overshadowing the ambitious Zinoviev, who had been Lenin's top lieutenant over the previous decade, but whose star appeared to be fading.

By 1939, with the exception of Stalin himself, none of the original Bolsheviks of the October Revolution of 1917 remained in the Party.

By October 1917 there had been over four thousand peasant uprisings against landowners.

By 1917, the patriotism of World War I changed into political radicalism in most of Europe, the United States, and Australia.

However, in 1917, " Pelo Telefone " (" By Phone ") was recorded, and it is considered the first true samba.

By 1917, Russia and Germany stuck in a stalemate on the Eastern Front of World War I.

By January 1901 Pupin had been paid $ 200, 000 and by 1917, when the AT & T monopoly ended and payments ceased, he had received a total of $ 455, 000.

By 1917, Bulgaria fielded more than a quarter of its 4. 5 million population in a 1, 200, 000-strong army, and inflicted heavy losses on Great Britain ( Doiran ), France ( Monastir ), the Russian Empire ( Dobrich ) and the Kingdom of Romania ( Tutrakan ).

By June 1917 21 mines had been dug, filled with nearly of explosives.

By 1917, he was back in Vienna, able to focus on his artistic career.

By the end of June 1917, Lyapunov traveled with his wife to his brother's place in Odessa.

By 1917, no fewer than 19 distinct crater groups existed along the section of the front.

By March 1917, the German forces were aware that a major attack was imminent and would include operations aimed at capturing Vimy Ridge.

By nightfall on 12 April 1917, the Canadian Corps was in firm control of the ridge.

By now Harmony could see that most of the adults in the train were winded and resting, or else siphoned off from the games by the challenging lure of the great cliff towering above them.

By the same test predispositions destructive of human personality exercise their most sinister impact, with the result that men of good will are often trapped and nullified.

By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

By all means the most important distinction is that between those total-cost apportionments which superimpose a distribution of admittedly unallocable cost residues on estimates of incremental or marginal costs, and those other apportionments which recognize no difference between true cost allocation and mere total-cost distribution.

By fall, 443 survivors of this arduous journey were clustered about Fort Snelling, but most of them were sent on to Galena and St. Louis, with a few going as far as Vevay, Indiana, a notable Swiss center in the United States.

By relaxing the throat muscles and expanding the oral cavity well into the frontal sinuses, she could direct the vowel sounds into the most felicitous position for proper reproduction through her throat microphone.

By 1850, Luanda was one of the greatest and most developed Portuguese cities in the vast Portuguese Empire outside Mainland Portugal, full of trading companies, exporting ( together with Benguela ) palm and peanut oil, wax, copal, timber, ivory, cotton, coffee, and cocoa, among many other products.

By the end of the 14th century, most of Anatolia was controlled by various Anatolian beyliks.

By some estimates, this might account for most of the internal radiation damage, as the recoil nuclei are typically heavy metals which preferentially collect on the chromosomes.

The largest species are red alder ( A. rubra ) on the west coast of North America, and black alder ( A. glutinosa ), native to most of Europe and widely introduced elsewhere, both reaching over 30 m. By contrast, the widespread Alnus viridis ( green alder ) is rarely more than a 5 m tall shrub.

By a probably euphonic inversion the translator of Irenaeus and the other Latin authors have Abraxas, which is found in the magical papyri, and even, though most sparingly, on engraved stones.

By the middle of the 19th century, industrialisation swept away most of the city's medieval rules of production and commerce, although the entirely corrupt remains of the city's mediæval constitution was kept in place ( compare the famous remarks of Georg Forster in his Ansichten vom Niederrhein ) until 1801, when Aachen became the " chef-lieu du département de la Roer " in Napoléon's First French Empire.

By the early 1960s, most of East and Central Africa, where the majority of the Ismāʿīlī population on the continent resided including Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Malagasy, Rwanda, Burundi and Zaire, had attained their political independence.

By the time Alexios ascended the throne, the Seljuqs had taken most of Asia Minor.

By seeking close alliances with powerful noble families, Alexios put an end to the tradition of imperial exclusivity and coopted most of the nobility into his extended family and, through it, his government.

By 1094, Yusuf had annexed most major taifas, with the exception of the one at Zaragoza.

By the mid-16th century, they were in common use in most of Europe.

By the 1890s, the company was the largest and most profitable industrial enterprise in the world.

By a public decree, this fine work was placed in one of the stanze of the Vatican hitherto reserved for the most precious works of antiquity.

By contrast, while defendants in most civil law systems can be compelled to give a statement, this statement is not subject to cross-examination by the prosecutor and not given under oath.

By this time most had expected him to have wasted away, or to have gone insane in his solitary confinement.

By the time Marlborough had closed down the Ramillies campaign he had denied the French most of the Spanish Netherlands west of the Meuse and north of the Sambre – it was an unsurpassed operational triumph for the English Duke.

By the mid 1960s, binary addressing had become the standard architecture in most computer designs, and main memory sizes were most commonly powers of two.

By making these data available to local public health officials in real time, most models of anthrax epidemics indicate that more than 80 % of an exposed population can receive antibiotic treatment before becoming symptomatic, and thus avoid the moderately high mortality of the disease.