By the spring of 1917, many Black Hand leaders, including Apis, had been arrested.

By 1917, all but one of the males on Clipperton had died.

By 1917 Finland had experienced rapid population growth, industrialization, improvements in the economy and standard of living, and the rise of a comprehensive labor movement ; economic, social, and political divisions were deepening while the Finnish political system was in an unstable phase of democratization and modernization.

By autumn 1917, in the power vacuum following the dissolution of parliament and in the absence of a stable government or a Finnish army, such forces began assuming a more military character.

By autumn 1917, however, these attempts at peaceful resolution had failed, and the power vacuum began to be filled by the paramilitary troops of the right and left.

By the time he opened his own furniture workshop in 1917, Rietveld had taught himself drawing, painting and model-making.

By defeating Russia in 1917 Germany was able to bring hundreds of thousands of combat troops from the east to the Western Front, giving it a numerical advantage over the Allies.

By 1917, this was extremely unpopular in Ireland due to heavy casualties on the Western Front.

By 1917, the population of Shcheglovo had grown to around 4, 000 people.

By the end of 1917, Trotsky was unquestionably the second man in the Bolshevik Party after Lenin, overshadowing the ambitious Zinoviev, who had been Lenin's top lieutenant over the previous decade, but whose star appeared to be fading.

By 1939, with the exception of Stalin himself, none of the original Bolsheviks of the October Revolution of 1917 remained in the Party.

By October 1917 there had been over four thousand peasant uprisings against landowners.

By 1917, the patriotism of World War I changed into political radicalism in most of Europe, the United States, and Australia.

However, in 1917, " Pelo Telefone " (" By Phone ") was recorded, and it is considered the first true samba.

By 1917, Russia and Germany stuck in a stalemate on the Eastern Front of World War I.

By January 1901 Pupin had been paid $ 200, 000 and by 1917, when the AT & T monopoly ended and payments ceased, he had received a total of $ 455, 000.

By 1917, Bulgaria fielded more than a quarter of its 4. 5 million population in a 1, 200, 000-strong army, and inflicted heavy losses on Great Britain ( Doiran ), France ( Monastir ), the Russian Empire ( Dobrich ) and the Kingdom of Romania ( Tutrakan ).

By June 1917 21 mines had been dug, filled with nearly of explosives.

By 1917, he was back in Vienna, able to focus on his artistic career.

By the end of June 1917, Lyapunov traveled with his wife to his brother's place in Odessa.

By 1917, no fewer than 19 distinct crater groups existed along the section of the front.

By March 1917, the German forces were aware that a major attack was imminent and would include operations aimed at capturing Vimy Ridge.

By nightfall on 12 April 1917, the Canadian Corps was in firm control of the ridge.

By 1917 most of the work went into the construction of the UB III.

By age 13 Chaplin had fully abandoned education.

By 1908, Sydney Chaplin had become a star of Fred Karno's prestigious comedy company.

By 1916, Chaplin was a global phenomenon.

By far its most famous resident was Charlie Chaplin who was at the school from June 1896 until January 1898.

By the ending of Modern Times, “ the film seems tailored to please the middle-class optimist .” Due to all of their failings the final scene had the gamine stating, “ What's the use of trying ?”, with the Tramp replying with, “ Buck up – never say die .” Chaplin was unique among the silent film comedians because of his physical shtick, but also because of the universality of his class struggle humor and his social commentary.

By 1721 George Chaplin was in possession of Colliston, and was succeeded by his nephew George Robertson Chaplin of Auchengray, and then George Chaplin Child Chaplin, M. D.

By the end of the silent era, Clair was celebrated as one of the great names in cinema, alongside Griffith, Chaplin, Pabst and Eisenstein.

By 1959, Cura claimed to have taken over 250, 000 tele-snaps and that sets of his tele-snaps had been “ presented to and graciously accepted by the Royal Family ; Their Majesties the King of Denmark ; the late King of Norway ; Queen Juliana of the Netherlands ; Ex-president Auriol of France ; Earl Attlee ; Sir Winston Churchill ; Mr Charles Chaplin ; Mrs Eleanor Roosevelt ” as well as a wide range of newspapers and periodicals.

The many novels influenced by the Ripper include: A Case to Answer ( 1947 ) by Edgar Lustgarten, The Screaming Mimi ( 1949 ) by Fredric Brown, Terror Over London ( 1957 ) by Gardner Fox, Ritual in the Dark ( 1960 ) and The Killer ( 1970 ) by Colin Wilson, Sagittarius ( 1962 ) by Ray Russell, A Feast Unknown ( 1969 ) by Philip José Farmer, A Kind of Madness ( 1972 ) by Anthony Boucher, Nine Bucks Row ( 1973 ) by T. E. Huff, The Michaelmas Girls ( 1975 ) by John Brooks Barry, Jack's Little Friend ( 1975 ) by Ramsey Campbell, By Flower and Dean Street ( 1976 ) by Patrice Chaplin, The Private Life of Jack the Ripper ( 1980 ) by Richard Gordon, White Chappell, Scarlet Tracings ( 1987 ) by Iain Sinclair, Anno Dracula ( 1992 ) by Kim Newman, A Night in the Lonesome October ( 1993 ) by Roger Zelazny, Ladykiller ( 1993 ) by Martina Cole, Savage ( 1993 ) by Richard Laymon, The Pit ( 1993 ) by Neil Penswick, Dan Leno and the Limehouse Golem ( 1994 ) by Peter Ackroyd, Pentecost Alley ( 1996 ) by Anne Perry, and Matrix ( 1998 ) by Mike Tucker and Robert Perry.

By the Sea is a 1915 film Charlie Chaplin made while waiting for a studio to work in Los Angeles.

By failing to do as he was told instantly -- to take out a permit or return the gun to his car -- he had played into Lord's hands.

By now Curt was seeing clearly again.

By her eighteenth birthday her bent for writing was so evident that Papa and Mamma gave her a Life Of Dickens as a spur to her aspiration.

By now she was sure she was going to have a baby, deciding it would be born in India or Burma that November.

By this time she had learned that it was futile to argue with her young husband, yet the uncomfortable fact remained: the American Congregationalists were sending them as missionaries to the Far East and paying their salaries.

By now he was undergoing a fresh torrent of abuse from Tory papers and pamphlets, and action was being taken to effect his punishment by expulsion from Parliament.

By this time word had got around that an American doctor was on the premises.

By our policy the West was -- is -- split.

By the time he was under the covers he had forgotten about seeing Kate.

By the time he was prosperous enough -- his goals were high -- he was bald and afraid of women.

By late afternoon the train inched into the marshaling yards in the railhead at Lublin, which was filled with lines of cars poised to pour the tools of war to the Russian front.

By odd coincidence, on the evening of her return Shelley chose to read Parisina, which was the latest of the titled poet's successes.

By the time the film was released we were three million dollars over-spent, war was imminent and the public apparently had forgotten all about Mother Cabrini.

By this method it was determined that the normal pressure exerted by a sample of polybutene ( molecular weight reported to be 770 ) was over half an atmosphere.

By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

By Nov. 8, 1958, weakness, specifically involving the pelvic and thigh musculature, was pronounced, and a common complaint was `` difficulty in stepping up on to curbs ''.

Serum potassium at this time was 3.8 mEq. per liter, and the hemoglobin was 13.9 gm. By Dec. 1, 1958, the weakness in the pelvic and quadriceps muscle groups was appreciably worse, and it became difficult for the patient to rise unaided from a sitting or reclining position.