By the time of the 28th Congress of the CPSU in July 1990, the party was largely regarded as being unable to lead the country and had, in fifteen republics, split into opposing factions favouring either independent republics or the continuation of the Soviet Union.

By 1990 the Soviet government had lost control over economic conditions.

By 1990, an estimated 50 % of islanders had some degree of proficiency in Corsican, and a small minority, perhaps 10 %, used Corsican as a first language.

By the end of 1990 almost 15 million homes had been included in franchised areas, but only 828, 000 of these had been passed by broadband cable and only 149, 000 were actually subscribing.

By 1990, Compaq Europe was a $ 2 billion business, and foreign sales contributed 54 percent of Compaq's revenues.

By 1990, after efforts by Wendy's agency, Backer Spielvolgel Bates, to get humor into the campaign, a decision was made to portray Thomas in a more self-deprecating and folksy manner, which proved much more popular with test audiences.

By 1990, floorball was recognized in 7 countries, and by the time of the first European Floorball Championships in 1994, that number had risen to 14.

By 1990, Chile had fulfilled Hayek's prediction by transitioning to a democratic state as established in the 1980 Constitution of Chile approved during the Pinochet regime.

By 1990 an additional five free zones were in operation in Omoa, Coloma, Tela, La Ceiba, and Amapala.

By 1990 the poorest parts of Malaysia were rural Sabah and Sarawak, which lagged significantly behind the rest of the country.

By 1990, income per capita in Japan equalled or surpassed that in most countries in the West.

By 1990 Japan's interaction with the vast majority of Asia-Pacific countries, especially its burgeoning economic exchanges, was multifaceted and increasingly important to the recipient countries.

By October, a first quarter 1990 release was envisaged.

By the middle of 1990, Taylor controlled much of the country, and by June laid siege to Monrovia.

By 1990 only a handful of Polonized Germans, prewar citizens of Liegnitz, remained of the pre-1945 German population.

By December 1990, a study to estimate the project's cost determined that long-term expenditure would total approximately 450 billion dollars spread over 20 to 30 years.

By the time of Windows 3. 0's 1990 release, PCs had caught up in processing power and had acquired a graphical interface, and software titles began to see release on multiple platforms.

By November 1990, only four months later, the 5th Battalion had deployed and in early 1991 the 21st Guards Battalion had also been formed, four staff courses had been run, support weapons and logistics training was well advanced ( indeed a logistics battalion deployed as early as July 1990 ) and an operational test exercise had been conducted.

By a law that took effect in April 1990, the EPS became subordinate to President Chamorro as commander in chief.

By the end of 1989, the last hardline members of the party's Central Committee had either resigned or been pushed out, followed in 1990 by 95 % of the SED's 2. 3 million members.

By early 1990, the PDS was no longer a Marxist-Leninist party, though neo-marxist and communist minority factions continue to exist.

By the time of the Twenty-Eighth Party Congress in July 1990, the CPSU was regarded by liberals and nationalists of the constituent republics as anachronistic and unable to lead the country.

By 1990 the government had virtually lost control over economic conditions.

By late 1990, Phish's concerts were becoming more and more intricate, often making a consistent effort to involve the audience in the performance.

By connecting a small dish & receiver, a constant downstream of thousands of FidoNet and Usenet newsgroups could be received.

*" Why Pascal is Not My Favorite Programming Language " – By Brian Kernighan, AT & T Bell Labs, 2 April 1981

In the book Japanese Arms & Armor Introduction By Robinson, H Russell NA on page 58 there is a picture of Japanese riveted kusari, and

Taylor & Taylor ( 1995: 124 ) concluded, " By and large, Pinyin represents the Chinese sounds better than the Wade-Giles system, and does so with fewer extra marks.

* Some account of the life and opinions of a fifth-monarchy-man By John Rogers, Edward Rogers, Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer, 1867

By 1979 master plan development was handled by the firm of Sasaki & Associates, which continued to work alongside the university in the years that followed.

By 1855, there were at least three harmonica-making businesses: C. A. Seydel Söhne, Christian Messner & Co., and Württ.

By the reign of King James I & VI, the process was completed with the plantation of the last remaining princely domains in the province of Ulster.

By 1960, having been influenced more by jazz music than blues, Brown began incorporating jazz styled arrangements in his music, with Brown naming the Famous Flames hits " I'll Go Crazy " and " Think " as examples of his changing style away from more traditional forms of R & B and rock ' n ' roll.

By 1977, Brown was no longer a dominant force in R & B.

*' U. S. By the Numbers: What's Left, Right & Wrong with America, ( ISBN 9781892123145, Capital Books, Incorporated, 2000 ) with Raymond J. Keating, and Thomas N. Edmonds

By September 6, 1958, Jan & Arnie's third and final single, " The Beat That Can't Be Beat " backed with " I Love Linda " ( Arwin 113 ), again composed by the Berry, Ginsburg, and Altfeld team, was released.

* The Jan & Dean Resource-Endorsed By Dean Torrence

By August 2009, Latvia's GDP had fallen by 20 % year on year, with S & P predicting a further 16 % contraction to come.

By the 1900s, Lyon & Healy was one of the largest music publishers in the world, and sold new and antique violins, pianos, and other instruments.

By the 1970s, L & H decided to concentrate solely on the creation and sale of harps.

By 1985, Lyon & Healy also made folk harps, also known as " Irish harps ", which are even smaller than the Troubadour.

By the end of the war, MIT became the nation's largest wartime R & D contractor ( attracting some criticism of Bush ), employing nearly 4000 in the Radiation Laboratory alone and receiving in excess of $ 100 million ($ billion in 2012 dollars ) before 1946.

By the year 2000, only three companies in the United States-Mussehl & Westphal, Charlie Blacklock and Wentworth-were making saws.

* By Nile and Tigris, a narrative of journeys in Egypt and Mesopotamia on behalf of the British museum between the years 1886 and 1913, by Sir E. A. Wallis Budge, 1920 ( a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries ; DjVu & layered PDF format )

* Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. Metaphors We Live By ( IL: University of Chicago Press, 1980 ), Chapters 1 – 3.

By the mid-1980s, Milken's network of high-yield bond buyers ( notably Fred Carr's Executive Life Insurance Company and Tom Spiegel's Columbia Savings & Loan ) had reached a size which enabled him to raise large amounts of money very quickly.

By acquiring the successful Balaban & Katz chain in 1926, he gained the services of Barney Balaban ( who would eventually become Paramount's president in 1936 ), his brother A. J. Balaban ( who would eventually supervise all stage production nationwide and produce talkie shorts ), and their partner Sam Katz ( who would run the Paramount-Publix theatre chain from New York City ).

By March 2009, Porsche SE was aiming for its first ever credit ratings from U. S. rating agencies Standard & Poor's and Moody's.

By 1954, as rock and roll was beginning to emerge, a number of similar acts began to cross over from the R & B charts to mainstream success, often with added honking brass and saxophone, with The Crows, The Penguins, The El Dorados and The Turbans all scoring major hits.