By law this is 75% for the Virgin Islands, Guam and Puerto Rico.

By law this is 70% for the Virgin Islands, Guam and Puerto Rico.

By making inroads in the name of law enforcement into the protection which Congress has afforded to the marriage relationship, the Court today continues in the path charted by the recent decision in Wyatt v. United States, 362 U.S. 525, where the Court held that, under the circumstances of that case, a wife could be compelled to testify against her husband over her objection.

By convention in some law reports, the appellant is named first.

By ancient common law it might be required of all persons above the age of 12, and it was repeatedly used as a test for the disaffected.

By law, Augustus held a collection of powers granted to him for life by the Senate, including supreme military command, and those of tribune and censor.

By the law of cosines, we have:

By contrast, while defendants in most civil law systems can be compelled to give a statement, this statement is not subject to cross-examination by the prosecutor and not given under oath.

By comparison Whorf's other work in linguistics, the development of such concepts as the allophone and the cryptotype, and the formulation of " Whorf's law " in Uto-Aztecan historical linguistics, have met with broad acceptance.

By United Nations law, Bosnia has a right of passage to the outer sea.

By law, farmers in the United States who plant Bt corn must plant non-Bt corn nearby.

By the early 2000s ( decade ), however, the university quietly reexamined its position on accreditation as degree mills proliferated and various government bureaucracies, such as law enforcement agencies, began excluding BJU graduates on the grounds that the university did not appear on appropriate federal lists.

By contrast, in civil law jurisdictions ( the legal tradition that prevails in, or is combined with common law in, Europe and most non-Islamic, non-common law countries ), courts lack authority to act where there is no statute, and judicial precedent is given less interpretive weight ( which means that a judge deciding a given case has more freedom to interpret the text of a statute independently, and less predictably ), and scholarly literature is given more.

By contrast to statutory codification of common law, some statutes displace common law, for example to create a new cause of action that did not exist in the common law, or to legislatively overrule the common law.

By the time of the rediscovery of the Roman law in Europe in the 12th and 13th centuries, the common law had already developed far enough to prevent a Roman law reception as it occurred on the continent.

By law, the vice president will succeed in the event of the president's resignation, illness, or death.

By law ( 92 Stat.

By 1827, he had abandoned law and embarked on a geological career that would result in fame and the general acceptance of uniformitarianism, a working out of the idea proposed by James Hutton a few decades earlier.

By October 1962, they may have had a few dozen, although some intelligence estimates were as high as 75.

By 1949, the United States and British intelligence organizations were working with King Zog and the mountain men of his personal guard.

By the most likely account, Khrushchev prepared an elaborate ambush, convening a meeting of the Presidium on 26 June, where he suddenly launched a scathing attack on Beria, accusing him of being a traitor and spy in the pay of British intelligence.

By comparing the different natural languages, scholars hope to learn something about the nature of human intelligence and the innate biases and constraints that shape natural language, which are sometimes called universal grammar.

By 1992, with the signing of the Schengen Treaty which formalized aspects of police information exchange across the territory of the European Union, there were worries that much, if not all, of this intelligence sharing was opaque, raising questions about the efficacy of the accountability mechanisms governing police information sharing in Europe ( Joubert and Bevers, 1996 ).

By mimicking a lifelike appearance or automating movements, a robot may convey a sense of intelligence or thought of its own.

By April 1944, the ministry's air Intelligence branch had succeeded in its intelligence efforts regarding " the beams, the Bruneval Raid, the Gibraltar barrage, radar, Window, heavy water, and the German nightfighters " ( R. V.

By contrast, the leaders of the former Warsaw Pact intelligence community, when I was one of them, looked up to Andropov as the man who substituted the KGB for the Communist party in governing the Soviet Union, and who was the godfather of Russia's new era of deception operations aimed at improving the badly damaged image of Soviet rulers in the West.

By January 12, 1942, the British Admiralty's intelligence community had noted a " heavy concentration " of U-boats off the " North American seaboard from New York to Cape Race " and passed along this fact to the United States Navy.

By the time the increasingly complicated committee structure was settled, Kissinger chaired six NSC-related committees: the Senior Review Group ( non-crisis, non-arms control matters ), the Washington Special Actions Group ( serious crises ), the Verification Panel ( arms control negotiations ), the 40 Committee ( clandestine operations ), the Intelligence Committee ( policy for the intelligence community ), and the Defense Program Review Committee ( relation of the defense budget to foreign policy aims ).

By 1968, the FYDP covered ten military areas: strategic forces, general purpose forces, intelligence and communications, airlift and sealift, guard and reserve forces, research and development, central supply and maintenance, training and medical services, administration and related activities, and support of other nations.

By deliberately drawing attention away from the true leader of the organisation, he is protected by masquerading as a target of lower importance, and the structure of the organisation is also obscured from intelligence services.

By testing a person's abilities on each of the four branches of emotional intelligence, it generates scores for each of the branches as well as a total score.

By the time Operation Desert Storm began, some 2, 000 Agency personnel were involved in the intelligence support effort.

By the early 1980s numerous offices throughout the intelligence community were providing taskings to SRI's psychics, ( Schnabel 1997, Smith 2005 ) but the collaboration never resulted in useful intelligence information.

" By all the intelligence I have from different parts ," wrote Cumberland on 23 April, " the real design of the enemy is to besiege Mons.

By late 1915 the Germans had achieved air superiority, making Allied access to vital intelligence derived from continual aerial reconnaissance more dangerous to acquire.

By early 1896, Spanish intelligence was already aware of the existence of a seditious secret society, and suspects were kept under surveillance and arrests were made.

* By 2012, business units will control at least 40 percent of the total budget for business intelligence.

By far the most acrimonious of the debates has been that over the role of genetics in IQ differences ( see intelligence quotient # Genetics vs environment ), which led to Eysenck famously being punched on the nose by a female protestor during a talk at the London School of Economics, as well as bomb threats, and threats to kill his young children .< ref >

By late 1920, British Intelligence in Dublin, including what was known as the ' Cairo Gang ' ( the nickname came from their patronage of the Cairo Cafe on Grafton Street and from their service in British military intelligence in Egypt and Palestine during the First World War ), eighteen high-ranking British Intelligence officers, had established an extensive network of spies and informers around the city.

" In the 8th edition ( 1856 ), this is still its " most extended sense "; " in a more limited sense " it is defined in the same words as those quoted above from the 5th edition ; but the writer adds, " By courtesy this title is generally accorded to all persons above the rank of common tradesmen when their manners are indicative of a certain amount of refinement and intelligence.

By constructing artificial intelligence systems that have structural features similar to those of humans, we may be more likely to achieve human-like functionality.