* By normalizing quantities to a common base, both hand and automatic calculations are simplified.

By quickly setting up for the next play ( often within 5 – 10 seconds after the last play despite being afforded 45 seconds ) this hindered the other team's defense from substituting situational players, regrouping for tactics, and, some suggest, increased the defense's rate of fatigue ( This is attributed to the belief that the offense dictates when a play starts so they tend to be more mentally relaxed and prepared for the start of a play where the defense must remain on a higher level of alert before the play starts ).

By 4 o ' clock, the local authorities were on alert.

By moving deeper and deeper into relaxation, one eventually encounters a " slipping " feeling if the mind is still alert.

By April 1964 the US had more ICBM's on active alert than strategic bombers, which exacerbated this concern.

By imitating the long, thin snout of the garfish protruding into the security sphere of the alert herrings, an endoscope with a tip diameter of 11 mm is used.

By clearly ascertaining the pain-giving nature of certain habits of thinking and acting, we send a strong message to our sub-conscious mind to be alert the next time this thought pattern occurs

By default, the system assumes that the parent process is indeed interested in such information at the time of the child's termination, and thus sends the parent the signal SIGCHLD to alert that there is some data about a child to be collected.

By accurate estimating prevailing and emerging traffic conditions, this technology is expected to allow variable pricing, together with improved overall traffic management, including the provision of information in advanced to alert drivers about conditions ahead, and the prices being charged at that moment.

By 6 April, at naval and air bases around the globe, American forces were put on alert and ships and aircraft squadrons began moving toward Southeast Asia.

By empowering citizens to embrace their democratic rights, Riverkeeper helped stir the passion of two hundred residents to confront the town board at a local meeting resulting in the board's public statement to become more alert to local needs.

By rushing into print with Hahn ’ s manuscript he was able to alert the world community of physicists.

By raising Holocaust awareness the MHMC aims to alert the public to the dangers of anti-semitism, bigotry and hate, while promoting respect for diversity and the sanctity of all human life.

By the morning of 20 January the police and military were on full alert, but not knowing the mission of Unit 124 they were attempting to guard important sites as well as the approaches to Seoul.

By 2010 170 audiobooks have appeared, as well as four special episodes ( The secret of TKKG ( 1997, re-issue 2010 ), Treasure island with seven secrets, Shark alert in water park ):

By the use of various weights, data for a force-rate of shear graph can be obtained.

By sweeping this surface through R < sup > 3 </ sup > as a function of the ion sequence input data, such as via ion-ordering, a volume is generated onto which positions the 2D detector positions can be computed and placed three-dimensional space.

By making these data available to local public health officials in real time, most models of anthrax epidemics indicate that more than 80 % of an exposed population can receive antibiotic treatment before becoming symptomatic, and thus avoid the moderately high mortality of the disease.

By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc.

By far, the most common is in diameter, with a 74-or 80-minute audio capacity and a 650 or 700 MB ( 737, 280, 000 bytes ) data capacity.

By the early 1990s, however, relational systems were dominant for all large-scale data processing applications, and they remain dominant today ( 2012 ) except in niche areas.

* By adding bits to each encoded unit, the redundancy allows both to detect errors in coded data and to correct them based on mathematical algorithms.

* By adding bits to each encoded unit, the redundancy allows both to detect errors in coded data and to correct them based on mathematical algorithms.

By the time mass applications for wireless Internet had emerged, and the U. S. had opened up to DECT, well into the new century, the industry had moved far ahead in terms of performance and DECT's time as a wireless data transport had passed.

By contrast with empiricism and idealism, which emphasize the epistemologically privileged status of sense data ( empirical ) and the primacy of Reason ( theoretical ) respectively, modern rationalism adds a third ' system of thinking ', ( as Gaston Bachelard has termed these areas ) and holds that all three are of equal importance: The empirical, the theoretical and the abstract.

By constructing a calibration curve of the ID of species ' pairs with known divergence times in the fossil record, the data could be used as a molecular clock to estimate the times of divergence of pairs with poorer or unknown fossil records.

( By contrast, in cell relay networks data is transmitted in short, uniformly sized units called cells.

By 1599, however, he again felt his work limited by the inaccuracy of available data — just as growing religious tension was also threatening his continued employment in Graz.

By " open access " to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.

By contrast, lossless compression is required for text and data files, such as bank records and text articles.

By modifying the compressed data directly without decoding and re-encoding, some editing of lossily compressed files without degradation of quality is possible.

By using only non-negative integer subscripts, the MUMPS programmer can emulate the arrays data type from other languages.

By the time of Vere Gordon Childe's work, The Dawn of Europe ( 1947 ), which affirms the Mesolithic, sufficient data had been collected to determine that the Mesolithic was in fact necessary and was indeed a transition and intermediary between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic.

By careful analysis of the observation data, Johannes Kepler found the planets ' orbits to be not circular, but elliptical.

By the beginning of the twentieth century, punch cards encoded data and directed mechanical processing.

By the time the PDP-8 / E was introduced, electronic logic had become less expensive and " one-cycle data break " became more popular.

By using national survey data from October 2001, researcher Phillip H. Kim studied which individuals were more likely to support racial profiling.

By language, according to 2008 data, 21 % of the population always speak in Galician, 15 % always speak in Spanish and the rest use both interchangeably.

By encouraging the inclusion of semantic content in web pages, the Semantic Web aims at converting the current web dominated by unstructured and semi-structured documents into a " web of data ".

By default, XFS filesystems are created with an " internal " log, which places the filesystem journal on the same block device as the filesystem data.

By mid-June, millions of Americans will take to the road on vacation trips up and down and back and forth across this vast and lovely land.

By making comparisons across cultural traditions ( time-based ) and cultural regions ( space-based ), anthropologists have developed various kinds of comparative method, a central part of their science.

By 1980 the infrequency of sightings of Mount Ararat, which looms about sixty kilometers across the Turkish border, became a symbol of worsening air pollution in Yerevan.

By the 1960s the school was building a vast publishing and research network reaching across France, Europe, and the rest of the world.

By the late 1980s, the cellular industry's subscriber base had grown into the millions across America and it became necessary to add channels for additional capacity.

** By road across the Sahara desert to Libya

By the 1960s, college cheerleaders began hosting workshops across the nation, teaching fundamental cheer skills to high-school-age girls.

By 1959, the company had dealers across the U. S. and began selling the 310 ( known as Bluebird domestically ).

By definition, it is the amount of energy gained by the charge of a single electron moved across an electric potential difference of one volt.

By the middle of the 12th century, coats of arms were being inherited by the children of armigers ( persons entitled to use a coat of arms ) across Europe.

By the end of the 12th century they had become holy days of obligation across Europe and involved such traditions as ringing bells for the souls in purgatory and " souling ", the custom of baking bread or soul cakes for " all crysten christened souls ".

By 1760, the domain of the Marathas stretched across practically the entire subcontinent.

By this stage the explorers had passed the southern boundary of the desert, and from then on Henry had one of his wishes fulfilled: the Portuguese had circumvented the Muslim land-based trade routes across the western Sahara Desert, and slaves and gold began arriving in Portugal.

By 2050, there is an estimated $ 25 trillion average inheritance transmitted across generations.

By the early 1980s, the Bakkers had built Heritage USA in Fort Mill, South Carolina, ( south of Charlotte ), then the third most successful theme park in the US, and a satellite system to distribute their network 24 hours a day across the country.

By mid-May, the army had reached the vicinity of the heavily fortified Persian capital, Ctesiphon, where Julian partially unloaded some of the fleet and had his troops ferried across the Tigris by night.

By this point Kenilworth Castle consisted of the great keep, the inner bailey wall, a basic causeway across the smaller lake that preceded the creation of the Great Mere, and the local chase for hunting.

By 1933, it had been transformed into a sculptural environment, and three photos from this year show a series of angled surfaces aggressively protruding into a room painted largely in white, with a series of tableaux spread across the surfaces.

By the late 1720s, the village was trading across the Arabian Sea with Muscat and the Persian Gulf region.

By controlling the voltage applied across the liquid crystal layer in each pixel, light can be allowed to pass through in varying amounts thus constituting different levels of gray.

By the 5th century BC, Carthage had extended its hegemony across much of North Africa.

By then a string of dynastic states, including the earliest Hausa states, stretched across western and central Sudan.

By the middle of the 20th century, the great wave for independence was sweeping across Africa.

By the time Elijah Muhammad died in 1975, there were 75 NOI centers across America.

By 1860, when the first rumblings of secession began to be heard across the South, antebellum Nashville was a very prosperous city.