By the 27th century BC Egyptian writing had a set of some 24 hieroglyphs which are called uniliterals, to represent syllables that begin with a single consonant of their language, plus a vowel ( or no vowel ) to be supplied by the native speaker.

By the ninth century a sixth language, Old Norse, had arrived with the Vikings.

By 1990, an estimated 50 % of islanders had some degree of proficiency in Corsican, and a small minority, perhaps 10 %, used Corsican as a first language.

By contrast, a dictionary definition has additional details, typically including an etymology showing snapshots of the earlier meanings and the parent language.

By the 8th century, the common Germanic language of Scandinavia, Proto-Norse, had undergone some changes and evolved into Old Norse.

By the time the language design was completed, it was changed to an Algol-like syntax, designed by Michael Kahl, with the expectation that it would be more familiar to a wider audience of programmers:

By examining the brains of deceased individuals having acquired expressive aphasia in life, he concluded that language ability is localized in the ventroposterior region of the frontal lobe.

By an abuse of the definition, a particular formal language is often thought of as being equipped with a formal grammar that describes it.

By the end of the Hittite Empire, the Hittite language had become a written language of administration and diplomatic correspondence.

By the Tudor period, the Irish culture and language had regained most of the territory initially lost to the colonists: even in the Pale, ‘ all the common folk … for the most part are of Irish birth, Irish habit and of Irish language ’.

By the mid-19th century, English was the majority language spoken in the country.

By the mid-16th century, the Old Norse language was unintelligible to Norwegian, Swedish or Danish readers.

By the time of any written language, Tocharian was geographically remote from the other two.

By the turn of the twentieth century it had begun to be displaced by the shorter and purely Arabic term Islam and by 1938, when Orientalist scholars completed The Encyclopaedia of Islam, seems to have virtually disappeared from the English language.

By 1937, the members had made the decision to create a new language, to the surprise of the world's interlanguage community.

By 1300, the Inuit and their language had reached western Greenland, and finally east Greenland roughly at the same time the Viking colony in southern Greenland disappeared.

By decree of Ptolemy III Euergetes, all visitors to the city were required to surrender all books and scrolls, as well as any form of written media in any language in their possession which, according to Galen, were listed under the heading " books of the ships ".

By contrast, Linear A has not been deciphered since the language of Linear A has not been discovered.

By the time Paul the Deacon was writing, the Lombard language, dress and even hairstyles had all disappeared.

By contrast, so far as is known, the Basque language is an absolute isolate: It has not been shown to be related to any other language despite numerous attempts, though it has been influenced by neighboring Romance languages.

By embedding the child in written language, their learning to read becomes embodied in the same manner as learning spoken language.

By 2001, the population had jumped to 206, 073, and it was 217, 988, in 48, 061 families, according to 2006 census.

By 1977, in its first edition, Disk / Trend, a leading hard disk drive industry marketing consultancy segmented the industry according to MBs ( decimal sense ) of capacity.

" By the mid 2000s, bikinis had become a $ 811 million business annually, according to the NPD Group, a consumer and retail information company.

By prescribing recent advances in medicine, the Boston ministers modified the doctrine of theological pathogenesis in an attempt to maintain the old order according to which it was the clergy ’ s duty and privilege to interpret illnesses and their cures.

For example, periodic acid according to Kekuléan structure theory could be represented by the chain structure I-O-O-O-O-H. By contrast, the modern structure of ( meta ) periodic acid has all four oxygen atoms surrounding the iodine in a tetrahedral geometry.

By 1704 the Julian calendar was eleven days behind the Gregorian, and the siege thus began on 21 July according to the Julian.

By 2005, Greenland was beginning to lose more ice volume than anyone expected – an annual loss of up to per year, according to more recent satellite gravity measurements released by JPL.

By the time he composed the Gospel, he must have been a highly practiced and competent author-able to compose in a wide variety of literary forms according to the demands of the moment.

By the early 14th century, according to N. J. G.

By sorting formulas according to the number of atoms of each element present in the formula according to these rules, with differences in earlier elements or numbers being treated as more significant than differences in any later element or number — like sorting text strings into lexicographical order — it is possible to collate chemical formulas into what is known as Hill system order.

By the later 19th century, history painting was often explicitly rejected by avant-garde movements such as the Impressionists ( except for Édouard Manet ) and the Symbolists, and according to one recent writer " Modernism was to a considerable extent built upon the rejection of History Painting ... All other genres are deemed capable of entering, in one form or another, the ' pantheon ' of modernity considered, but History Painting is excluded ".

By the twenty-first century, the number of non-native English speakers has come to significantly outnumber the number of native speakers by a factor of three, according to the British Council.

By comparison, according to the Gnostic view of Salvation, creation was perfect to begin with ; it did not need time to grow and mature.

Eric D. Weitz wrote, " By 1948, according to Nicolas Werth, the mortality rate of the 600, 000 people deported from the Caucasus between 1943 and 1944 had reached 25 %.

By contrast, Leto labored for nine nights and nine days for Apollo, according to the Homeric Hymn to Delian Apollo, in the presence of all the first among the deathless goddesses as witnesses: Dione, Rhea, Ichnaea, Themis and the " loud-moaning " sea-goddess Amphitrite.

By the release of 1984's Meat Puppets II, the bandmembers " were so sick of the hardcore thing ," according to Bostrom.

By extension, the term " manichean " is widely applied ( often disparagingly ) as an adjective to a philosophy or attitude of moral dualism, according to which a moral course of action involves a clear ( or simplistic ) choice between good and evil, or as a noun to people who hold such a view.

By the end of 1977, according to music historian Clinton Heylin, they were " England's arch-exponents of New Musick, and the true heralds of what came next.

" By the mid-1970s ," according to The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East, " the idea of Arab unity became less and less apparent in Arab politics, though it remained a wishful goal among the masses.

By this definition, dictatorial states are not republics, whereas, according to some such as Kant, constitutional monarchies may be.

By organizing the articles in a newsgroup according to threads of discussion, using headers that had long been present in Usenet articles but practically unused, a threaded newsreader would allow users to keep up with topics and discussions they were interested without having to explicitly deselect uninteresting threads.

By late April, after three days of " actual fighting " according to Saladin, the Ayyubids had captured Amid.