By the early 1860s, the relationship between the imperial court and the Shogunate was changing radically.

By the 1860s, the supply of timber was exhausted.

By the 1860s, the Russian Empire – continued as the Soviet Union – became the largest contiguous state in the world, and the latter's main successor, Russia, continues to be so to this day.

By the 1860s it was apparent that wood sourced from some condemned slave ships ( possibly a Brazilian ship ) from the 1840s were infested by termites (“ white ants ”).

By the 1860s, Syrah was established as an important variety in Australia.

By the end of the 1860s, the black baseball mecca was Philadelphia, which had an African-American population of 22, 000.

By the 1860s, butter had become so in demand in France that Emperor Napoleon III offered prize money for an inexpensive substitute to supplement France's inadequate butter supplies.

By the 1860s, Steinway had built a new factory at Park Avenue and 53rd Street, the present site of the Seagram Building, where it covered a whole block.

By the 1860s top artists in the west were illustrating for children, including Crane, Randolph Caldecott, Kate Greenaway and John Tenniel.

By the 1860s the towns of Harmony, Knightsville, and Brazil were growing rapidly, due in part to their location along the National Road, and also because of the many coal companies in that section of the county.

By the 1860s the suburb of Southsea had grown along Clarendon Road as far as Granada Road.

By the 1860s, this figure had risen to three million.

By the late 1860s, Degas had shifted from his initial forays into history painting to an original observation of contemporary life.

By the late 1860s, breech-loading metallic cartridges had made the percussion cap system obsolete.

By the 1860s there were a number of substantial villas along the Edgware Road starting with Rockhall Lodge and culminating in Rockhall Terrace.

By the 1860s, London fell prey to epidemics of fever.

By the 1860s the island was being used by sea cucumber fishermen who found that the waters contained substantial quantities of the creature which was a popular delicacy in Asia.

By the 1860s, Fort Payne and the surrounding area were still sparsely settled.

By the time the Mountain Men began to arrive in the late 1820s and settlers began to arrive again in the 1860s the people of the Cornville area were a mixed community of Apache ( Dil-ze ' e ) and Yavapai ( Wipukepaya ), though the Apache are thought to have been more numerous on the east side of the Verde River.

By the 1860s the gold started to run out and the town's population and importance diminished.

By the end of the 1860s the bandit gangs were gone, and Italian settlers arrived.

By the 1860s he was propounding an ideal society called Pantarchy, and from this he moved on to a philosophy he called " universology ", which stressed the unity of all knowledge and activities.

By the 1860s, tolls were no longer being charged to cross the Washington and Central Bridges, giving further stimulus to the growth of Watchemoket and the transformation of the village from a sleepy fishing area to the vital core of East Providence in 1862.

By the end of the next decade, the 1860s, Grantsville had become a largely self-sufficient oasis of orchards and shade trees at the edge of the Territory's western deserts.

By comparison, Stone Harbor bird sanctuary's allies seem less formidable, for aside from the Audubon Society, they are mostly the snowy, common and cattle egrets and the Louisiana, green, little blue and black-crowned herons who nest and feed there.

By this time there is little doubt but what election plans were complete.

By 1960 there were such schools in all but 4 states.

By themselves they may not be able to save the life on this planet, but without them there would be very little left worth saving.

By saying `` another emotional death '', she reveals that there has been a previous one, although she has not described it in words.

I grinned at him, handed him a couple of dollars and said, `` By the time you get the parking charge figured up, there should be a cigar in it for you ''.

By 335 BC he had returned to Athens, establishing his own school there known as the Lyceum.

By 1840 there were still only ten colonial bishops for the Church of England ; but even this small beginning greatly facilitated the growth of Anglicanism around the world.

By 1903 the Liberals were so dominant that there was no longer an organized opposition in Parliament.

By 1073 there were only two Englishmen in episcopal sees, and by the time of William's death in 1089, there was only one, Wulfstan II of Worcester.

Proof: By symmetry, it suffices to prove that there is some constant c such that for all bitstrings s

By its terms the boundary between Alfred ’ s and Guthrum ’ s kingdoms was to run up the River Thames, to the River Lea ; follow the Lea to its source ( near Luton ); from there extend in a straight line to Bedford ; and from Bedford follow the River Ouse to Watling Street.

By the 1850s when they first came into sustained contact by outside groups, there were estimated 7, 000 Adamanese, divided into the following major groups:

By his zeal and exertions – for there were many conflicting interests to reconcile – he adjusted the affair in a manner at once creditable to his judgment and fortunate for his country.

By the beginning of World War II, many towns and cities had built space, and there were numerous qualified pilots available.

" Caplan comments on the impact of the Supreme Court's decision making it necessary for there to be evidence of guilt in such a plea, " By requiring that there be some evidence of guilt in such a situation, the decision attempts to protect the ' really ' innocent from the temptations to which plea-bargaining and defense attorneys may subject them.

By the end of the 18th century there were no factories or mills and only a few small cottage industries along the border with Zurich.

By the mid-nineteenth century there were Wesleyan, Primitive Methodist, United Free Methodist, Congregationalist, Baptist, Swedenborgian, Unitarian, Roman Catholic and Catholic Apostolic churches in the town.

By the 2nd century there were also famous Christian ascetics, such as Saint Thecla.

By the 15th century there is evidence for the renewed use of lidded cementation crucibles at Zwickau in Germany.

By the 6th century AD there is evidence of the foundation of a Bavarian stem duchy whose leadership was related to the ruling Frankish ( and possibly Alemannic / Swabian ) houses.

By 16: 00, Alexander and Swiftsure were also in sight, although some distance from the main British fleet, and Brueys gave orders to abandon the plan to remain at anchor and instead for his line to set sails, although Blanquet protested the order on the grounds that there were not enough men aboard the French ships to both sail the ships and man the guns.

By 1950, there were only 100, 000 monolingual Bretons, and a rapid decline since, with likely no monolingual speakers left today.