By the 1960s the school was building a vast publishing and research network reaching across France, Europe, and the rest of the world.

By the early 1960s, most of East and Central Africa, where the majority of the Ismāʿīlī population on the continent resided including Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Malagasy, Rwanda, Burundi and Zaire, had attained their political independence.

By the late 1960s he had started to become interested in scientific areas outside of mathematics.

By the 1940s, the term commonly was capitalized, Negro, but by the mid 1960s it was considered disparaging.

By the 1960s, as VFL clubs increasingly recruited the best players from other states, they began to dominate the competition and the last match was played in 1976, with North Adelaide being the last non-Victorian winner in 1972.

By the 1960s, more citizens worked in service industries or for the canton-level government than in manufacturing.

By the early 1960s, the monument had grown very blackened from coal soot and automobile exhaust, and during 1965 – 1966 it was cleaned through bleaching.

By the late 1960s, the area of LAFTA had a population of 220 million and produced about $ 90 billion of goods and services annually.

By the early 1960s, US research on the Nike Zeus missile system had developed to the point where small improvements would allow it to be used as the basis of a " real " ABM system.

By the mid 1960s, binary addressing had become the standard architecture in most computer designs, and main memory sizes were most commonly powers of two.

By the 1960s, " the Big Apple " was known only as an old name for New York.

By the 1960s NATO had adopted the 5. 56 NATO cartridge.

By the 1960s, college cheerleaders began hosting workshops across the nation, teaching fundamental cheer skills to high-school-age girls.

" By 1967, critics were suggesting that the programme no longer reflected life in 1960s Britain, but reflected how life was in the 1950s.

By the end of the 1960s, admission to CUNY's flagship City College had become highly competitive.

By the late 1960s, the sexual revolution of the baby boomer generation had refocused public attitudes about sex.

By the 1960s – 1970s quantum electrochemistry was developed by Revaz Dogonadze and his pupils.

By the late 1960s, Humble officials realized that the time had come to develop a new brand name that could be used nationwide.

By the 1960s science fiction was combining sensationalism with political and technological critiques of society.

By the 1960s, motor vehicles were being restricted or banned from crossing the border, while only Spanish nationals employed on the Rock being allowed to enter Gibraltar.

By the 1960s, the Hammond became popular with pop groups and was used on the British pirate station Radio 390.

By the 1960s, however, the quantitative revolution lead to strong criticism of regional geography.

By then the textile industry had started its decline ; only one factory, Veneta, managed to continue into the 1960s, when it also had to close its doors.

By the mid 1960s, Viola Spolin's classes were handed over to her protégé, Jo Forsberg, who further developed Spolin's methods into a one-year course, which eventually became The Players Workshop, the first official school of improvisation in the USA.

By March 2006, at least 65 % of the Greek population was able to view Digital TV for free with the use of set-top boxes.

By the time You Bet Your Life debuted on TV on October 5, 1950, Groucho had grown a real mustache ( which he had already sported earlier in the films Copacabana and Love Happy ).

By the end of 2007, each episode of the original TV series averaged a sales figure of 80, 928 copies, including all of the different formats it was published in ( VHS, LD, DVD, etc .).

By 1985, Mecca, like other Saudi cities, possessed the most modern telephone, telex, radio and TV communications.

By 1998 Star Trek TV shows, movies, books, videotapes, and licensing provided so much of the studio's profit that " it is not possible to spend any reasonable amount of time at Paramount and not be aware of presence "; filming for Star Trek: Voyager and Star Trek: Deep Space Nine required up to nine of the largest of the studio's 36 sound stages.

By January 2005, Vestel and its rival Turkish electronics and white goods brand Beko accounted for more than half of all TV sets manufactured in Europe.

In 1995, Nicks was reunited with Lindsey Buckingham and contributed the duet " Twisted " to the Twister movie soundtrack, while in 1996 the Sheryl Crow penned " Somebody Stand By Me " featured on the Boys on the Side soundtrack, and Nicks also remade Tom Petty's " Free Fallin '" for Fox's TV hit Party of Five.

In other fictional television works, a January 1971 episode " By the Pricking of My Thumbs ..." of the British science fiction TV series Doomwatch featured a 16-year-old XYY boy expelled from school because of his genetic condition, a November 1993 episode " Born Bad " of the American police procedural TV series Law & Order portrayed a 14-year-old XYY sociopathic murderer, and the May 2007 season finale episode " Born To Kill " of the American police procedural TV series CSI: Miami depicted a 34-year-old XYY serial killer.

* Ginger Foutley, in the TV series As Told By Ginger

By 1996, each TV series from the studio typically had its own set of sound effects, including some selected from the classic Hanna-Barbera sound library, as well as some new ones and various sounds from Disney and Warner Bros. cartoons ( this was especially true of Dexter's Laboratory and Cow and Chicken ).

By the late 1970s she was one of Australia's top singing stars, winning several Queen of Pop awards and hosting her own national TV variety series.

* As Time Goes By at British TV Comedy

* Patrick Duffy-Actor who played Bobby Ewing in Dallas ( TV series ) and was also in Step By Step, was born here.

By the end of the 1990s, both syndicated and national TV ended up losing most of its children's market to the rise of cable TV channels like Nickelodeon, Disney Channel and Cartoon Network which provided appealing children's entertainment throughout the week at nearly all hours.

By the early-to-mid 1980s Worth was forced to retire early from his shows by health problems but he continued working in radio ( and made TV guest appearances time-to-time for either interviews or pop-up guest appearances on some shows ) until a few months before he died.

Irene Joan Marion Sims ( 9 May 1930 – 27 June 2001 ), best known as Joan Sims, was an English actress, best remembered for her roles in the Carry On films, and latterly for playing both Madge Hardcastle in As Time Goes By, and Mrs Wembley the cook with a liking for sherry in the TV comedy series On the Up.

By law, all film supplied to TV stations, both 16 mm and 35 mm had to be on a non-flammable, safety film base.

By his own account, Bonaduce grew up in a dysfunctional family and suffered severe physical and emotional abuse at the hands of his father, veteran TV writer and producer Joe Bonaduce.

By carefully piecing the clues together and asking astute questions, she always manages to trap the real murderer, who, given the series ' " special guest star " policy, was often played by a famous film or TV personality.

By the fourth series, the segment had become a parody of Omnibus, with Korda fronting overly serious profiles of minor TV celebrities including Pat Sharp and Handy Andy.

By the 1970s, these groups exercised enough influence that the TV networks felt compelled to lay down more stringent content rules for the animation houses.