By the 1960s the school was building a vast publishing and research network reaching across France, Europe, and the rest of the world.

By the early 1960s, most of East and Central Africa, where the majority of the Ismāʿīlī population on the continent resided including Tanganyika, Kenya, Uganda, Malagasy, Rwanda, Burundi and Zaire, had attained their political independence.

By the late 1960s he had started to become interested in scientific areas outside of mathematics.

By the 1940s, the term commonly was capitalized, Negro, but by the mid 1960s it was considered disparaging.

By the 1960s, as VFL clubs increasingly recruited the best players from other states, they began to dominate the competition and the last match was played in 1976, with North Adelaide being the last non-Victorian winner in 1972.

By the 1960s, more citizens worked in service industries or for the canton-level government than in manufacturing.

By the early 1960s, the monument had grown very blackened from coal soot and automobile exhaust, and during 1965 – 1966 it was cleaned through bleaching.

By the late 1960s, the area of LAFTA had a population of 220 million and produced about $ 90 billion of goods and services annually.

By the early 1960s, US research on the Nike Zeus missile system had developed to the point where small improvements would allow it to be used as the basis of a " real " ABM system.

By the mid 1960s, binary addressing had become the standard architecture in most computer designs, and main memory sizes were most commonly powers of two.

By the 1960s, " the Big Apple " was known only as an old name for New York.

By the 1960s NATO had adopted the 5. 56 NATO cartridge.

By the 1960s, college cheerleaders began hosting workshops across the nation, teaching fundamental cheer skills to high-school-age girls.

" By 1967, critics were suggesting that the programme no longer reflected life in 1960s Britain, but reflected how life was in the 1950s.

By the end of the 1960s, admission to CUNY's flagship City College had become highly competitive.

By the late 1960s, the sexual revolution of the baby boomer generation had refocused public attitudes about sex.

By the 1960s – 1970s quantum electrochemistry was developed by Revaz Dogonadze and his pupils.

By the late 1960s, Humble officials realized that the time had come to develop a new brand name that could be used nationwide.

By the 1960s science fiction was combining sensationalism with political and technological critiques of society.

By the 1960s, motor vehicles were being restricted or banned from crossing the border, while only Spanish nationals employed on the Rock being allowed to enter Gibraltar.

By the 1960s, TV series, such as The Addams Family and The Munsters, used these stereotypes for camp comedy.

By the 1960s, however, the quantitative revolution lead to strong criticism of regional geography.

By then the textile industry had started its decline ; only one factory, Veneta, managed to continue into the 1960s, when it also had to close its doors.

By the mid 1960s, Viola Spolin's classes were handed over to her protégé, Jo Forsberg, who further developed Spolin's methods into a one-year course, which eventually became The Players Workshop, the first official school of improvisation in the USA.

By the end of his time with The Nice, the standard arrangement was two Hammond organs, a C-3 ( only cosmetically different than a B-3 ) and an L-100, placed facing each other with the C-3 to the left from the audience point of view.

By doing this study, Hammond found that the mean gestational age ( how many weeks when birthed ) at birth was 33. 4 weeks for triplets and 31 weeks for quadruplets.

* Sōka Gakkai in America: Accommodation and Conversion By Phillip E. Hammond and David W. Machacek.

By the influence of his brother-in-law, Sir John Temple, M. P., Hammond was at length removed to the house of Philip Warwick at Clapham, Bedfordshire, where he was to be kept under light restraint.

By an Act of New York State Legislature they passed that Hammond was officially a town, this happened on March 30, 1827.

By 1970, Richard Wright ( musician ) | Richard Wright had started using a Hammond Organ | Hammond M102 organ ( pictured ) on stage regularly, and it makes a prominent appearance on the album.

By 1940, Leslie decided his prototype was ready to market, and went to the Hammond Organ Company to demonstrate it.

On 16 March 2007 at the South by Southwest festival, Hammond performed a twelve song set including covers of Frank Black's " Old Black Dawning " and Guided By Voices ' " Postal Blowfish ".

By 1970, he had started to use a Hammond Organ onstage and alternated between that and the Farfisa, depending on the song.

By the end of the 1970s, the movement had lost an estimated 80 % of its followers in the U. S. Bromley and Hammond attribute the decline of groups including the Divine Light Mission to internal factors, but also in part to the news media's " discrediting reports about their activities ", accounts which created a " wide-spread public perception of ' mind control ' and other ' cult ' stereotypes.

By the time Laurens Hammond died, there were over thirty one manufacturers of electric or electronic organs.

By the end of the 1950s, familiar brand names of home organs in addition to Hammond included Conn, Kimball, Lowrey, and others, while companies such as Allen and Rodgers manufactured large electronic organs designed for church and other public settings.

By the following tour, however, Mazich had self-customized for travel a Hammond B3 Organ which he used for subsequent touring and recording.

" By threatening world war with America ’ s newest and most deadly secret weapon, Hammond then blackmails the world into disarmament, ushering in global peace.

Serum potassium at this time was 3.8 mEq. per liter, and the hemoglobin was 13.9 gm. By Dec. 1, 1958, the weakness in the pelvic and quadriceps muscle groups was appreciably worse, and it became difficult for the patient to rise unaided from a sitting or reclining position.

By December, 1958, when ' Abdallah Ibrahim became President of the Council, elections had even greater importance.

By Cyrene, Apollo had a son named Aristaeus, who became the patron god of cattle, fruit trees, hunting, husbandry and bee-keeping.

By contrast, the cursive developed out of the Nabataean alphabet in the same period soon became the standard for writing Arabic, evolving into the Arabic alphabet as it stood by the time of the early spread of Islam.

By 1980 the infrequency of sightings of Mount Ararat, which looms about sixty kilometers across the Turkish border, became a symbol of worsening air pollution in Yerevan.

By the middle of the 19th century, industrialisation swept away most of the city's medieval rules of production and commerce, although the entirely corrupt remains of the city's mediæval constitution was kept in place ( compare the famous remarks of Georg Forster in his Ansichten vom Niederrhein ) until 1801, when Aachen became the " chef-lieu du département de la Roer " in Napoléon's First French Empire.

By 1946, as the growing fellowship quarreled over structure, purpose, and authority, as well as finances and publicity, Wilson began to form and promote what became known as AA's Twelve Traditions, guidelines for an altruistic, unaffiliated, non-coercive, and non-hierarchical structure that limited AA's purpose to only helping alcoholics on a non-professional level while shunning publicity.

By virtue of Article II of the Treaty of Union, which defined the succession to the throne of Great Britain, the Act of Settlement became part of Scots Law as well.

By Otto's marriage to Eilika, daughter of Magnus, Duke of Saxony, the Ascanians became heirs to half of the property of the House of Billung, former dukes of Saxony.

By 1919, the SANNC was leading a campaign against passes but then became dormant in the mid-1920s.

By the late 1980s, the cellular industry's subscriber base had grown into the millions across America and it became necessary to add channels for additional capacity.

By the turn of the century, cycling clubs flourished on both sides of the Atlantic, and touring and racing became widely popular.

By his advice Benedict became a hermit and for three years, unknown to men, lived in this cave above the lake.

By World War II, the use of the smaller divisions, platoons and companies, became much more important as precise operations became vital.

By the 18th century an increasing number of new plants had arrived in Europe from newly discovered countries and the European colonies worldwide and a larger number of plants became available for study.

" By 1972 when GE and RCA were no longer in the mainframe business, the remaining five companies behind IBM became known as the BUNCH, an acronym based on their initials.

By resigning Laws became the shortest serving Minister in modern British political history with less than 18 days service as a Cabinet Minister.

By that time, the majority of black people were U. S .- born, so use of the term " African " became problematic.

By then, early dance camps, retreats, and weekends had emerged, such as Pinewoods Camp, in Plymouth, Massachusetts, which became primarily a music and dance camp in 1933, and NEFFA, the New England Folk Festival, also in Massachusetts, which began in 1944.

By the 16th century, Spanish conquistadors began to subdue and colonize the region of present-day Chile, and the territory became a colony from 1540 to 1818, when it gained independence from Spain.

By cutting transportation costs in half or more it became a large profit center for Albany, New York and New York City as it allowed the cheap transportation of many of the agricultural products grown in the mid west of the United States to the rest of the world.

By the middle of the 18th century, " casuistry " became a synonym for moral laxity.

By the early 1920s, unit operations became an important aspect of chemical engineering at MIT and other US universities, as well as at Imperial College London.

By the 1940s, it became clear that unit operations alone was insufficient in developing chemical reactors.