By now, the war is nearing its end and the German Army is retreating.

By the following year their ranks had grown to include German painter, sculptor and designer Oskar Schlemmer who headed the theater workshop, and Swiss painter Paul Klee, joined in 1922 by Russian painter Wassily Kandinsky.

By 1931, the National Socialist German Workers ' Party was starting to gain influence and control in German politics.

By 1700, it had been reprinted 15 times in Italian, and was translated in Dutch, English, French, German, Russian and Spanish.

By the end of the war, 17 pounders had proven much more effective against German tanks, and 32 pounders had entered development.

By 1969 West German cinema attendance at 172. 2 million visits per year was less than a quarter of its 1956 post-war peak.

By 1850 the German states were catching up, and by 1900 Germany was a world leader in industrialization, along with Britain and the United States.

By 1882 German makers also produced hexagonal grained powders of a similar size for artillery.

By contrast, East Germany renounced ties to the Nazi past, styling itself the " anti-fascist rampart " and proclaiming itself the first socialist state on German soil.

By the mid-18th century the " Aufklärung " ( The Enlightenment ) had transformed German high culture in music, philosophy, science and literature.

By midcentury, the German states were catching up.

By 1913, American and German exports dominated the world steel market, as Britain slipped to third place.

By the 1890s, German colonial expansion in Asia and the Pacific ( Kiauchau in China, the Marianas, the Caroline Islands, Samoa ) led to frictions with Britain, Russia, Japan and the United States.

By the eastward settlement the Empire's influence increased to eventually include Pomerania and Silesia – also due to intermarriage of the local, still mostly Slavic, rulers with German spouses.

By 1932, power had shifted to such an extent that the German President, Paul von Hindenburg, was able to dismiss a chancellor and select his own person for the job, even though the outgoing chancellor possessed the confidence of the Reichstag while the new chancellor did not.

By the end of his life, he could converse in English, French, Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish, Polish, Italian, Greek, Latin, Russian, Arabic, and Turkish as well as German.

By doing so he and the German dukes gained time to fortify towns and train a new elite cavalry force.

By then all German tribes were united in a single kingdom.

By the 1850s, British and German missionaries and traders had penetrated present-day Namibia.

By 1884, the Germans declared the coastal region from the Orange River to the Kunene River a German protectorate.

By 1842, a list of nine elements believed to be essential to plant growth had been compiled, and the discoveries of the German botanists Julius von Sachs and Wilhelm Knop, in the years 1859-65, resulted in a development of the technique of soilless cultivation.

By World War II, however, the practice was so widespread that during the Nuremberg trials, the charges against German Admiral Karl Dönitz for ordering unrestricted submarine warfare were dropped, notwithstanding that the activity constituted a clear violation of the Second London Naval Treaty of 1936.

By the end of 1941, the Soviet military had suffered 4. 3 million casualties and German forces had advanced 1, 050 miles ( 1, 690 kilometers ).

By April 1945, Nazi Germany faced its last days with 1. 9 million German soldiers in the East fighting 6. 4 million Red Army soldiers while 1 million German soldiers in the West battled 4 million Western Allied soldiers.

By the time Lilian had been graduated from public school, her parents were doing quite well.

By sharing the load of important speeches with his colleagues, the president can develop a cadre of able spokesmen who will help to create a public perception of the university as an institution, something more than the lengthened shadow of one man.

By the time the film was released we were three million dollars over-spent, war was imminent and the public apparently had forgotten all about Mother Cabrini.

By the 1920s, each state in the United States had passed public laws that stipulated a certain day to be Arbor Day or Arbor and Bird Day observance.

By a public decree, this fine work was placed in one of the stanze of the Vatican hitherto reserved for the most precious works of antiquity.

By age 32, Fuller was bankrupt and jobless, living in public, low-income housing in Chicago, Illinois.

By making these data available to local public health officials in real time, most models of anthrax epidemics indicate that more than 80 % of an exposed population can receive antibiotic treatment before becoming symptomatic, and thus avoid the moderately high mortality of the disease.

By 1932, Pasternak had strikingly reshaped his style to make it acceptable to the Soviet public and printed the new collection of poems aptly titled The Second Birth.

By 1888, over 3, 000 British public houses, grocers and chemists were selling Bovril.

By 1951 about 20 % of the British economy had been taken into public ownership.

By then Wilson was the last surviving member of Attlee's cabinet and the unveiling of the statue would be the last public appearance by Wilson, who was by then in the first stages of Alzheimer's Disease and who died in May 1995 after a decade of ill health.

By turning these space to public use, the building got 20 % plot ratio more as bonus.

By law, these cable systems were restricted to the relay of the public broadcast channels, which meant that as the transmitter network became more comprehensive, the incentive to subscribe to cable was reduced and they began to lose customers.

By 1908 public and diplomatic pressure led Leopold II to the annex the Congo as the Belgian Congo colony.

By the late 1960s, the sexual revolution of the baby boomer generation had refocused public attitudes about sex.

By the end of its run in 1973, public tastes had changed and her firmly established persona regarded as passé.

By nominating himself perpetual censor, he sought to control public and private morals.

By 1932 thousands of Davenport residents were on public relief due to the Great Depression.

During the late 1970s he acquired a large public audience as a critic of the then Labour government's disregard of civil liberties ; his writings from this time are collected in Writing By Candlelight ( 1980 ).

By mid-century many public school programs had also adopted elements of progressive curriculum.

By 1912, public interest had waned, and Cahill's enterprise was bankrupt.

By encouraging clarity on the active subject that " does " or wants or believes something, and disallowing passive constructions about the state of affairs ( a common use of " to be "), E-Prime makes it more difficult to hide assumptions in statements about The Other or equivalent constructions such as " they " or " most people " or " the public " or " the taxpayer ".

By this time, Necker had earned the enmity of many members of the French court for his overt manipulation of public opinion.

By the age of 21, Rossini had established himself as the idol of the Italian opera public.

By the 18th century there was a square at the centre of the town, flanked by the town hall, a public gaol housing prisoners from all over the Lordship of Biscay, a hospital and a poor-house for local people.