By distinguishing superlunary ( celestial ) and sublunary ( terrestrial ) existence, and reinforcing this with the four-element physics of Empedocles, Aristotle came to speak of the stars as perfect bodies, which moved in only a perfect way, viz. in a perfect circle.

By dealing with common landscape in an uncommon way, Roy Mason has found a particular niche in American landscape art.

`` By the way '', said Mr. Blatz, packing his tools into a battered carrier, `` them power tools needs extra voltage.

By the end of the spring of 1961, assuming that a general business recovery gets under way, interest rates should begin to edge upward again, depending upon the vigor of the recovery and the determination with which the monetary authorities move to restrain credit availability.

By early summer, he wrote from Laramie that he was suffering from the wound inflicted in the ambush and was in a bad way financially, so Pels sent him a draft for $100, warning that it was still not wise for him to return.

By means of charts showing wave-travel times and depths in the ocean at various locations, it is possible to estimate the rate of approach and probable time of arrival at Hawaii of a tsunami getting under way at any spot in the Pacific.

By way of explanation we ourselves are prone to imagine that this achievement stems from the same American Catholic zeal and generosity which brought the parochial school system into existence.

By the theory of minute constituents of things, and his emphasis on mechanical processes in the formation of order, he paved the way for the atomic theory.

By allowing a new kind of equality among citizens this opened the way to democracy, which in turn called for a new means, chattel slavery, to at least partially equalise the availability of leisure between rich and poor.

By 1980, the way the game was played had changed dramatically due to innovative coaching tactics, with the phasing out of many of the game's kicking styles and the increasing use of handball ; whilst presentation was influenced by television.

By 1972, however, with only a minimum of work done on the I-95 right of way and none on the potentially massively disruptive Inner Belt, Governor Francis Sargent put a moratorium on highway construction within the MA-128 corridor, except for a short stretch of Interstate 93.

By early 2000 there had been the beginning of an economic recovery, with the export sector leading the way, as it enjoyed the benefit of the more competitive exchange rate, as well as strong prices for petroleum, Colombia's leading export product.

By 0. 3 Mya, Canis lupus ( the gray wolf ) was fully developed and had spread throughout Europe and northern Asia ; and Beringia offered a way to North America.

By 1996, other engineers had joined in, because it was clear that Cygwin would be a useful way to provide Cygnus ' embedded tools hosted on Windows systems ( the previous strategy had been to use DJGPP ).

By Stalin's death in 1953, the Central Committee had become largely a symbolic organ, which was responsible to the Politburo, and not the other way around.

By way of contrast, when introduced in 1985, the Amiga had compared favorably against 286-based systems with EGA graphics and rudimentary sound capabilities that frequently cost 2 – 3 times as much.

By 1827, construction on the Dayton-Cincinnati canal began as a way to better transport goods from Dayton to Cincinnati.

By the age of Augustus, poets like Virgil closely adhered to the rules of the meter and approached it in a highly rhetorical way, looking for effects that can be exploited in skilled recitation.

By 2003 the line had been restored from Massawa all the way through to Asmara.

By no means do all Greek epigrams behave this way ; many are simply descriptive.

By way of comparison, the routes départementales cover a total distance of 365, 000 km.

* By the convolution theorem, Fourier transforms turn the complicated convolution operation into simple multiplication, which means that they provide an efficient way to compute convolution-based operations such as polynomial multiplication and multiplying large numbers.

By the end of the 1990s, 11 fishing farms were registered in Guadeloupe and experiments are under way to catch and market fish in order to respond to growing demand.

By granting land to the abbotts and bishops he appointed, Otto actually made these bishops into " princes of the Empire " ( Reichsfürsten ); in this way, Otto was able to establish a national church.

By 1988, Hungary had developed a two-tier banking system and had enacted significant corporate legislation which paved the way for the ambitious market-oriented reforms of the post-communist years.

By an effort of historical sympathy we can cast our minds back into the art of a remote past or an alien present, and enjoy the carvings of cavemen and Japanese colour-prints ; ;

By doing so, it links the holy past to the historical present and represents Alfred's law-giving as a type of divine legislation.

By making the mass number of soldiers blend within the landscape / painting, it shows that he believed that the usage and depiction of landscape was just as significant as a historical event, such as a war.

By comparison Whorf's other work in linguistics, the development of such concepts as the allophone and the cryptotype, and the formulation of " Whorf's law " in Uto-Aztecan historical linguistics, have met with broad acceptance.

By contrast, evidence based on the textual differences between the Septuagint and the Masoretic Text has been used to argue that the context of the MT truly does depict a historical Jeremiah.

By the 1870s, Herbert Spencer and other classical liberals concluded that historical development was turning against them.

By conceiving a timeless setting — " a vanished age " — and by carefully choosing names that resembled human history, Howard shrewdly avoided the problem of historical anachronisms and the need for lengthy exposition.

By re-defining class as a relationship that changed over time, Thompson proceeded to demonstrate how class was worthy of historical investigation.

By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part.

By a historical analysis of those forms, as applied to the verb, he furnished the first trustworthy materials for a history of the languages compared.

By the Victorian era Gothic had ceased to be the dominant genre and was dismissed by most critics ( in fact the form's popularity as an established genre had already begun to erode with the success of the historical romance popularised by Sir Walter Scott ).

By historism, he means the tendency to regard every argument or idea as completely accounted for by its historical context, as opposed to assessing it by its merits.

* The Life and Work of Konrad Zuse – By Prof. Horst Zuse ( K. Zuse's son ); an extensive and well-written historical account

By the time the historical written record begins to cover this area, it has already seen a number of invasions sweep over it, leaving social and political upheaval in their wake.

By investigating the impact of rituals, the efficacy of myths, and all the possible sources of collective behavior, he became the " father of historical anthropology.

By 1901 he had begun to write about spiritual topics, initially in the form of discussions of historical figures such as the mystics of the Middle Ages.

By 1904 he was clearly expressing his own understanding of these themes in his essays and books, though continuing to refer to a wide variety of historical sources.

By extension from the Roman historical experience, some modern politicians have been called " Tribunes of the People.

By the late Egyptian historical period, after the occupations by the Greeks and the Romans, Isis became the most important and most powerful deity of the Egyptian pantheon because of her magical skills.

By taking samples from different sites and different strata within a particular region, researchers can build a comprehensive historical sequence that becomes a part of the scientific record ; for example, ancient timbers found in buildings can be dated to give an indication of when the source tree was alive and growing, setting an upper limit on the age of the wood.

By the 1950s, scores of notable Manhattan buildings were lost to redevelopment around the city, and the mission of MAS broadened to include historical preservation.

By 1999, Cello was considered to be a " historical " browser.

By convention, a contemporary mixture of pigments that replaces a historical pigment is indicated by calling the resulting color a hue, but manufacturers are not always careful in maintaining this distinction.

By historical accident, all Wren's large-scale secular commissions dated from after the 1680s.

; By political and historical allegiance