Carbamazepine ( CBZ ) is an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder, as well as trigeminal neuralgia.

Carbamazepine is typically used for the treatment of seizure disorders and neuropathic pain.

Carbamazepine may aggravate juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, so it is important to uncover any history of jerking, especially in the morning, before starting the drug.

Carbamazepine is a dibenzazepine.

* Carbamazepine is an approved treatment for manic depression and convulsions, but has side effects useful in treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ), schizophrenia, phantom limb syndrome, paroxysmal extreme pain disorder, neuromyotonia, and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Carbamazepine ( Tegretol ) is effective but not necessarily safe for diabetic neuropathy.

* Carbamazepine, or Tegretol, has been used as a mood stabilizer and is accepted treatment for bipolar disorder.

Carbamazepine is not available in an intravenous formulation, and does not play a role in status epilepticus.

Carbamazepine increases the risk of developing lupus by 88 % ( odds ratio of 1. 88 ), with the effect possibly restricted to women.

Carbamazepine has a potential for drug interactions ; caution should be used in combining other medicines with it, including other antiepileptics and mood stabilizers.

Carbamazepine, an anticonvulsive medication, has also had some success in this type of DI.

Carbamazepine can enter the environment through discharge of wastewater, and has also been shown to persist and accumulate in the organic components of soil and sludge.

Carbamazepine has also been shown to potentiate GABA receptors made up of alpha1, beta2, gamma2 subunits.

Carbamazepine has been sold under the names Biston, Calepsin, Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Finlepsin, Sirtal, Stazepine, Telesmin, Tegretol, EPITAB XR ( of Werrick Pakistan ') Teril, Timonil, Trimonil, Epimaz, Carbama / Carbamaze ( New Zealand ), Amizepin ( Poland ), Carzine ( Kolkata ), Mazetol, Tegrital, Tegrita ( India ), Karbapin ( Serbia ), Hermolepsin ( Sweden ), Degranol ( South Africa ), and Tegretal ( Chile, Germany ).

Carbamazepine became widely used to treat bipolar disorder in the late 1980s and early 1990s, but was displaced by sodium valproate in the 1990s.

Carbamazepine would be studied for bipolar disorder throughout the 1970s.

Carbamazepine was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as a bipolar disorder treatment in 2005, but had been widely used previously.

Carbamazepine preparations typically greatly decrease a person's alcohol tolerance.

Carbamazepine, as a CYP450 inducer, may increase clearance of many drugs, decreasing their blood levels.

Carbamazepine also increases the metabolism of the hormones in birth control pills and can reduce their effectiveness, potentially leading to unexpected pregnancies.

Carbamazepine exhibits autoinduction: it induces the expression of the hepatic microsomal enzyme system CYP3A4, which metabolizes carbamazepine itself.

Carbamazepine stabilizes the inactivated state of Voltage-gated sodium channels, making fewer of these channels available to subsequently open.

Carbamazepine was discovered by chemist Walter Schindler at J. R. Geigy AG ( now part of Novartis ) in Basel, Switzerland, in 1953.

Carbamazepine was first marketed as a drug to treat trigeminal neuralgia ( formerly known as tic douloureux ) in 1962.

* Carbamazepine overview from PsychEducation. org

The initial autopsy report describes the drug as Carbamazepine, and that dosage was found to be at sub-therapeutic level.

* Carbamazepine ( Tegretol ) – CBC should be monitored, as carbamazepine can lower white blood cell count.

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