Picture-fanciers of Italy were certainly familiar with the beauties of Memling's compositions, as shown in the preference given to them by such purchasers as Cardinal Grimani and Cardinal Bembo at Venice, and the heads of the house of Medici at Florence.

There his learning won for him a prominent place among scholars ; and when Reuchlin was at Rome ( 1498-1500 ) and desired to perfect his knowledge of Hebrew literature, Cardinal Domenico Grimani advised him to apply to Obadiah.

In Rome, Handel met Cardinal Vincenzo Grimani, a diplomat and spare-time librettist ; the result of this meeting was a collaboration which produced Handel's second Italian opera, Agrippina.

He moved to Italy at age 18 and entered the household of Cardinal Marino Grimani where he was trained as a painter.

Between 1516 and ca 1523 Clovio may have lived with Marino in the residence of the latter ’ s uncle Cardinal Domenico Grimani in Rome.

While a protégé of Cardinal Domenico Grimani Clovio engraved medals and seals for him, as well as the Grimani Commentary Ms., an important early illuminated book ( now Sir John Soane's Museum, London ).

In 1534 Clovio returned to the household of Cardinal Marino Grimani.

Domenico Grimani ( 1461 – 27 August 1523 ) was a Venetian Churchman and Cardinal.

It was produced in Ghent and Bruges ca 1515-1520 and by 1520 owned, though possibly not originally commissioned, by Cardinal Domenico Grimani.

In 1521 when his father was elected Doge, Grimani was already Cardinal.

Agrippina ( HWV 6 ) is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel, from a libretto by Cardinal Vincenzo Grimani.

While in Rome, Handel had become acquainted with Cardinal Vincenzo Grimani, probably through Alessandro Scarlatti.

* September 26 – Cardinal Vincenzo Grimani, opera librettist

In 1529 he was sent by his congregation to the Monastery of Sant ' Antonio di Castello in Venice, where, due to his expertise in biblical languages and humanist textual criticism, he was placed in charge of the monastery's library, donated to the canons by Cardinal Domenico Grimani.

Their offices were compatible with other offices, i. e. they can hold two benefices or offices at one and the same time, some conferred by the Cardinal Vice-Chancellor, others by the Holy Father.

The Cardinal Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, assisted by the Vice-Camerlengo and the other prelates of the office known as the Apostolic Camera, has functions that in essence are limited to a period of sede vacante of the papacy.

In the 16th century Sixtus V bisected Bramante's Cortile del Belvedere with a cross-wing to house the Apostolic Library in suitable magnificence. The 16th and 17th centuries saw other privately endowed libraries assembled in Rome: the Vallicelliana, formed from the books of Saint Filippo Neri, with other distinguished libraries such as that of Cesare Baronio, the Biblioteca Angelica founded by the Augustinian Angelo Rocca, which was the only truly public library in Counter-Reformation Rome ; the Biblioteca Alessandrina with which Pope Alexander VII endowed the University of Rome ; the Biblioteca Casanatense of the Cardinal Girolamo Casanate ; and finally the Biblioteca Corsiniana founded by the bibliophile Clement XII Corsini and his nephew Cardinal Neri Corsini, still housed in Palazzo Corsini in via della Lungara. The Republic of Venice patronized the foundation of the Biblioteca Marciana, based on the library of Cardinal Basilios Bessarion. In Milan Cardinal Federico Borromeo founded the Biblioteca Ambrosiana.

He sent a legate, Cardinal John of Crema, to deal with the question of primacy, as well as other jurisdictional issues between Canterbury and Wales, and between York, Scotland and Norway.

Under Pope Benedict XIII ( 1724 – 30 ), the finances of the Papal States had been delivered into the hands of Cardinal Niccolò Coscia and other members of the curia, who had drained the financial resources of the see.

The other cardinals announced that Innocent had not been canonically elected and chose Cardinal Pietro Pierleoni, a Roman whose family were the enemy of Haimeric's supporters, the Frangipani ; Pierleoni took the name Pope Anacletus II.

In his territorial aggrandizement of the Papal States, Sixtus IV's niece's son Cardinal Raffaele Riario, for whom the Palazzo della Cancelleria was constructed, was a leader in the failed " Pazzi conspiracy " of 1478 to assassinate both Lorenzo de ' Medici and his brother Giuliano and replace them in Florence with Sixtus IV's other nephew, Girolamo Riario.

The Vicar General of Rome, traditionally a Cardinal, and his deputy the Vicegerent, who holds the personal title of Archbishop, supervise the governance of the diocese by reference to the Pope himself, but with no more dependence on the Roman Curia, as such, than other Catholic dioceses throughout the world.

During these centuries many other things have been wrongly defined, for example, that the Divine essence neither is begotten nor begets, that the soul is the substantial form of the human body, and the like assertions, which are made without reason or sense, as the Cardinal of Cambray himself admits.

In 1694 he dedicated his Opus 1 to the fellow-Venetian, Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni ( grand-nephew of Pope Alexander VIII ); Ottoboni was an important patron in Rome of other composers, such as Arcangelo Corelli.

It was powered by a 185 hp ( 138 kW ) Curtiss-Wright RC2-60 Wankel rotary engine ; the same engine model was also flown in a Cessna Cardinal and other airplanes and a helicopter.

Papal diplomacy in the interests of peace failed, however ; Cardinal Wolsey made England, not the pope, the arbiter between France and the Empire ; and much of the money collected for the crusade from tithes and indulgences was spent in other ways.

Cardinal Montalto's other concern was with his studies, one of the fruits of which was an edition of the works of Ambrose.

The other irritant ( to the papacy ) in English relations was Cardinal Bellarmine's letter to the English archpriest George Blackwell, reproaching him for having taken the oath of allegiance in apparent disregard of his duty to the Pope.

His best frescoes were a historical series in quadro reportati painted on the walls and ceiling of Villa Farnese at Caprarola, built for Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, for which Zuccari also designed a great quantity of rich decorations in stucco relief after the style of Giulio Romano and other pupils of Raphael.

In 1651 when Mazarin had been forced into exile, the Prince was for a time brought onto the conseil du roi, and an ( admittedly very hostile ) contemporary the duchesse de Nemours described him as a ' prime minister without being aware of it '; there were suggestions that Mazarin's opponents within the court had raised him up as a rival to the cardinal with the Queen, but this is unlikely, especially since Mazarin himself urged the Queen to follow Thomas ' advice, and it is more probable that Mazarin backed the Prince as someone who would keep other rivals from gaining control in his absence but who would never have the status within France to set himself up as a permanent replacement for the Cardinal.

In 1651 when Mazarin had been forced into exile, the Prince was for a time brought onto the conseil du roi, and an ( admittedly very hostile ) contemporary the duchesse de Nemours described him as a ' prime minister without being aware of it '; there were suggestions that Mazarin's opponents within the court had raised him up as a rival to the cardinal with the Queen, but this is unlikely, especially since Mazarin himself urged the Queen to follow Thomas ' advice, and it is more probable that Mazarin backed the Prince as someone who would keep other rivals from gaining control in his absence but who would never have the status within France to set himself up as a permanent replacement for the Cardinal.

Cardinal Richelieu himself, preceded by lesser dignitaries, condescended to visit Amyraut privately, to persuade him to kneel ; but Amyraut held resolutely to his point and carried it.

The government erected banners reading “ Long Live the Catholic Church ” in French, Latin, and Vietnamese, and gave state receptions with full military honors to Catholic dignitaries, such as Cardinal Spellman.

During the negotiations which followed concerning the execution of the Concordat of 1801 he displayed a conciliatory spirit in dealing with the ten constitutional bishops who were to be appointed to as many of the newly-established dioceses ; in fact, he went contrary to specific instructions from Rome, under persistent pressure exerted by Napoleon Cardinal Caprara officiated at the Solemn restoration of public worship in the cathedral of Notre-Dame on Easter Day ( 18 April 1802 ), at which function the First Consul, the high officers of state, and the new ecclesiastical dignitaries assisted.

Several influential stylebooks, both secular and religious, however, indicate that the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is as " Cardinal < Name > < Surname >.

Cardinal Pierre d ' Ailly published an independent opinion that attempted to somewhat balance both Polish and Teutonic positions.

Patrick Joseph Hayes, the Cardinal Archbishop of New York, denounced him, implying that the immorality of the mayor, both personal and political in tolerating " girlie magazines " and casinos, was a cause of the economic downturn.

Henry Beaufort ( c. 1374 – 11 April 1447 ) was a medieval English clergyman and Cardinal Bishop of Winchester, an anomaly in being both a bishop and a member of the royal house of Plantagenet.

In many affairs, Mary of Guise consulted her brothers in France – the Cardinal of Lorraine, and Francis, Duke of Guise, both of whom held government positions – so that Scotland and France worked as allies in dealing with other nations.

Three other monuments are those of Cardinal Matteo d ' Acquasparta ( Matthew of Acquaspa ) at the Santa Maria in Aracoeli, the tomb of Bishop Gonsalvi ( 1298 ) and that of Cardinal Gonsalvo ( 1299 ) ( both located at the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore ), all sculpted by Giovanni de Cosma, the youngest of the Cosmati family lineage.

Richelieu soon rose in both the Catholic Church and the French government, becoming a Cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624.

Cardinal Richelieu's policy involved two primary goals: centralization of power in France and opposition to the Habsburg dynasty ( which ruled in both Austria and Spain ).

When the Cardinal had heard these good words of the king, he quickly lighted from his mule and kneeled down in the dirt upon both knees, holding up his hands for joy, and said " When I consider the joyful news that you have brought to me, I could do no less than greatly rejoice.

Cardinal Wolsey had obtained a Papal Bull from the Pope, authorising some limited reforms in the English Church as early as 1518, but reformers ( both conservative and radical ) had become increasingly frustrated at their lack of progress.

Her first husband was the Duke de Richelieu and one of the titles of her second husband was the Duke de Mazarin ; she was thus unique in bearing the titles of both Cardinal Richelieu and Cardinal Mazarin.

A meeting between Bèze and the Cardinal of Lorraine, of the House of Guise, seemed promising ; both appeared ready to compromise on the form of worship.

On 14 June 2008 Cardinal Darío Castrillón Hoyos told a London press conference that Pope Benedict wants every parish to offer both the old and the new forms for Sunday Mass.

After an apparent conciliation between the French king and the duke, in December of 1588 King Henry III had both the Duke of Guise and his brother, Louis of Lorraine, Cardinal of Guise ( 1555 – 1588 ), murdered during a meeting in the Royal Chateau at Blois.

He met and had profound personal relationships with religious leaders ranging from Cardinal Louis Antoine de Noailles, the Catholic Archbishop of Paris to John Potter, the Anglican ( Episcopalian ) Archbishop of Canterbury, both of whom became members of Zinzendorf's Order of the Grain of Mustard Seed, pledging to use their positions of power to serve Christ.

On both of these occasions however, Cardinal Winchester, ostensibly a pious man, distorts Henry's genuine piety.

In accordance with tradition, the right of consecration belongs to the Dean of the College of Cardinals, in his absence to the Subdean, and in the absence of both of these, to the senior Cardinal Bishop.

The letters between him and his wife show how closely both studied available evidence on the matter, and in the end, two years after her death, the eloquence of Bossuet and the persuasions of his nephew, the Cardinal de Bouillon prevailed upon him to give his adhesion to the Roman Catholic faith ( October 1668 ).

For the chapter of San Lorenzo in Damaso, he produced major performances over thirty-five years for the music-loving Cardinal Pietro Ottoboni, whose extensive circle of artists included Arcangelo Corelli, George Frideric Handel, both Alessandro and Domenico Scarlatti, Bernardo Pasquini, and Filippo Amadei.

" I simply had to protect Our Lord ," said Mrs Whitehouse at the time, though both the Archbishop of Canterbury Donald Coggan and Cardinal Basil Hume declined Whitehouse's invitation for them to give evidence at the trial.

He also visited Ecuador where he founded three schools, Cardinal Spellman High School and Cardinal Spellman Girls ' School, both in Quito ; and Cardinal Spellman High School in Guayaquil.