Carrel was a young surgeon in 1894 when the French president Sadi Carnot was assassinated with a knife.

The basic model for this engine was developed by Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot in 1824.

The Carnot engine model was graphically expanded upon by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 and mathematically elaborated upon by Rudolf Clausius in 1857 and 66 from which the concept of entropy emerged.

( It was the research of Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot that established the thermodynamic value of compression.

Carnot did not distinguish between and, since he was working under the hypothesis that caloric theory was valid, and hence heat was conserved.

The fact that the Carnot function could be the temperature, measured from zero, was suggested by Joule in a letter to Kelvin, and this allowed Kelvin to establish his absolute temperature scale.

Historically, thermodynamics developed out of a desire to increase the efficiency of early steam engines, particularly through the work of French physicist Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot ( 1824 ) who believed that the efficiency of heat engines was the key that could help France win the Napoleonic Wars.

Chirac was an only child ( his elder sister, Jacqueline, died in infancy before his birth ), and was educated in Paris at the Lycée Carnot and at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand.

The operating principle of the refrigeration cycle was described mathematically by Sadi Carnot in 1824 as a heat engine.

On 10 May Babeuf, who had taken the alias Tissot, was arrested ; many of his associates were gathered by the police on order from Lazare Carnot: among them were Augustin Alexandre Darthé and Philippe Buonarroti, the ex-members of the National Convention, Robert Lindet, Jean-Pierre-André Amar, Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier and Jean-Baptiste Drouet, famous as the postmaster of Saint-Menehould who had arrested Louis XVI during the latter's Flight to Varennes, and now a member of the Directory's Council of Five Hundred.

Napoleon, during his Italian Campaign, recommended Louis to Carnot, and Louis was consequently made a Captain.

by advising his followers to vote for neither Floquet, Ferry, or Freycinet, he was primarily responsible for the election of an " outsider ", Sadi Carnot, as president.

In the paper he was forthright in his rejection of the caloric reasoning of Carnot and Émile Clapeyron, but his theological motivations also became evident:

In his 1851 paper, Thomson was willing to go no further than a compromise and declared " the whole theory of the motive power of heat is founded on ... two ... propositions, due respectively to Joule, and to Carnot and Clausius ".

Though in 1847 he published a paper in Liebig's Annalen der Chemie on the ' Mercaptan of Selenium ,' his mind was busy with the new ideas upon the nature of heat which were promulgated by Carnot, Clapeyron, Joule, Clausius, Mayer, Thomson, and Rankine.

Hence no real heat engine could realise the Carnot cycle's reversibility and was condemned to be less efficient.

Lazare Carnot of the Committee of Public Safety, who was in charge of military affairs, came to the same conclusion about it as the previous royal government, and the army was organised into divisions.

Before Barère was sentenced to prison, " Carnot defended him on the ground that was hardly worse than himself.

Lazare Hippolyte Carnot ( October 6, 1801, Saint-Omer – March 16, 1888 ) was a French statesman.

The phrase ' grandes écoles ' originated in 1794 after the French revolution, when the National Convention created the École Normale Supérieure, the mathematician Gaspard Monge and Lazare Carnot created the École Polytechnique and the abbot Henri Grégoire created the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers.

In heat engines such as jet engines, efficiency is best when combustion is done at the highest pressure and temperature possible, and expanded down to ambient pressure ( see Carnot cycle ).

The Rankine cycle is sometimes referred to as a practical Carnot cycle because, when an efficient turbine is used, the TS diagram begins to resemble the Carnot cycle.

The available work from a Carnot engine is at its maximum when the surroundings are at a temperature of absolute zero.

A local first was established in June 1894, when Adevărul hosted the first foreign correspondence article received by a Romanian periodical: a telegram sent by the French socialist newspaperman Victor Jaclard, discussing the assassination of Marie François Sadi Carnot and the accession of Jean Casimir-Perier to the office of President.

* The national network for fixed phones consists of some Panaftel microwave radio relay links ( from Bangui to Bossembele, Baoro, Carnot, Berberati and on to Gamboula on the border with Cameroon ).

* RN6 south and west from Bangui, 605 km via Mbaïki, Carnot and Berbérati to Gamboula on the border with Cameroon.

* RN11 from Baoro on RN3 south, 104 km to Carnot on RN6.

A Carnot heat engine is a hypothetical engine that operates on the reversible Carnot cycle.

Carnot engine diagram ( modern )-where heat flows from a high temperature T < sub > H </ sub > furnace through the fluid of the " working body " ( working substance ) and into the cold sink T < sub > C </ sub >, thus forcing the working substance to do mechanical work W on the surroundings, via cycles of contractions and expansions.

Since, by the second law of thermodynamics, this is statistically improbable to the point of exclusion, the Carnot efficiency is a theoretical upper bound on the reliable efficiency of any process.

Figure 2 and Figure 3 show variations on Carnot cycle efficiency.

Drawing on all the previous work led Sadi Carnot, the " father of thermodynamics ", to publish Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire ( 1824 ), a discourse on heat, power, energy and engine efficiency.

In 1824, for example, the French physicist Sadi Carnot, in his famous “ Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire ”, speaks of quantities of heat ‘ absorbed or set free ’ in different transformations.

Lazare Carnot played a large part in the reorganization of the French army from 1793 to 1794 — a time which saw previous French misfortunes reversed, with Republican armies advancing on all fronts.

Another advance affected warfare: the semaphore system had allowed the French War-Minister, Carnot, to communicate with French forces on the frontiers throughout the 1790s.

Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning is based on inventions and discoveries made by Nikolay Lvov, Michael Faraday, Willis Carrier, Reuben Trane, James Joule, William Rankine, Sadi Carnot, and many others.

* 1824 – Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot first publishes that the efficiency of a heat engine depends on the temperature difference between an engine and its environment.

In Cannes, projects such as the Boulevard Carnot, the rue d ' Antibes and the Carlton Hotel on the Promenade de la Croisette were carried out.

His well-known discussions with the French physicist Sadi Carnot, founder of thermodynamics, may have stimulated Carnot in his reflexions on heat engines and thermodynamic efficiency.

* June 24 – Sadi Carnot, president of France, is assassinated.

He had published Le Ministère de l ' Instruction Publique et des Cultes, depuis le 24 février jusqu ' au 5 juillet 1848, Mémoires sur Carnot par son fils ( 2 vols., 1861-1864 ), Mémoires de Barère de Vieuzac ( with David Angers, 4 vols 1842-1843 ).

On 24 June 1894, he fatally stabbed President Carnot after a banquet, to avenge Auguste Vaillant and Émile Henry.

On 24 June 1894, after the assassination of President Carnot, he was elected President of the Republic by 451 votes against 195 for Henri Brisson and 97 for Charles Dupuy.

* June 24, 1894 – Italian anarchist Sante Geronimo Caserio, seeking revenge for Auguste Vaillant and Émile Henry, stabs Sadi Carnot, the President of France, to death.

* June 24, 1894: Sante Geronimo Caserio, Italian Anarchist from Lombardy and apprentice baker in Sète stabs to death president Sadi Carnot in Lyon.

On June 24 an Italian anarchist killed French President Carnot.