Cathodoluminescence, the emission of light when atoms excited by high-energy electrons return to their ground state, is analogous to UV-induced fluorescence, and some materials such as zinc sulfide and some fluorescent dyes, exhibit both phenomena.

Cathodoluminescence is most commonly experienced in everyday life as the light emission from the inner surface of the cathode ray tube in television sets and computer CRT monitors.

Cathodoluminescence is an optical and electrical phenomenon whereby a beam of electrons is generated by an electron gun and then impacts on a luminescent material such as a phosphor, causing the material to emit visible light.

Cathodoluminescence occurs because the impingement of a high energy electron beam onto a semiconductor will result in the promotion of electrons from the valence band into the conduction band, leaving behind a hole.

Cathodoluminescence has been exploited as a probe to map the local density of states of planar dielectric photonic crystals and nanostructured photonic materials.

* B. G. Yacobi and D. B. Holt, Cathodoluminescence Microscopy of Inorganic Solids, New York, Plenum ( 1990 )

* C. M. Parish and P. E. Russell, Scanning Cathodoluminescence Microscopy, in Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics, V. 147, ed.

Cathodoluminescence is used in cathode ray tubes, photoluminescence in fluorescent lighting and plasma display panels, phosphorescence in safety signs and low energy lighting, fluorescence in pigments, inks, optical brighteners, safety clothing, and biological and medicinal analysis and diagnostics, chemoluminescence and bioluminescence in analysis, diagnostics and sensors, and electroluminescence in the burgeoning areas of light-emitting diodes ( LEDs / OLEDs ), displays and panel lighting.

In a direct bandgap material, recombination of these electron-hole pairs will result in cathodoluminescence ; if the sample contains an internal electric field, such as is present at a p-n junction, the SEM beam injection of carriers will cause electron beam induced current ( EBIC ) to flow.

In carrying out the provisions of this Act, the Secretary is authorized and directed to provide for the giving of notice of strikes or lock-outs to applicants before they are referred to employment.

Readers interested in additional information on foams are referred to the Foamed Plastics Chart appearing in the Technical Data section and to the list of references which appears below.

The terms are generally taken for granted as though they referred to direct and axiomatic elements in the common experience of all.

Her hair was the color of those blooms which in seed catalogues are referred to as `` black '', but since no flower is actually without color contain always a hint of grape or purple or blue -- he wanted to draw the broad patina of hair through his fingers, searching it slowly for a trace of veining which might reveal its true shade beneath the darkness.

Members of this order with smooth skins are commonly referred to as frogs while those with warted skins are known as toads.

Though the prokaryotic cyanobacteria ( commonly referred to as blue-green algae ) were traditionally included as " algae " in older textbooks, many modern sources regard this as outdated as they are now considered to be bacteria.

Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from crafts or sciences, but in modern usage the fine arts, where aesthetic considerations are paramount, are distinguished from acquired skills in general, and the decorative or applied arts.

In the lingo of the poker variation Texas Hold ' em, the hole cards Ace – King ( unsuited ) are sometimes referred to as an " Anna Kournikova ", a term introduced by the poker commentator Vince van Patten during a WPT tournament because it " looks great but never wins ".

Some churches founded outside the Anglican Communion in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, largely in opposition to the ordination of openly homosexual bishops and other clergy are usually referred to as belonging to the Anglican realignment movement, or else as " orthodox " Anglicans.

Non-logical axioms are often simply referred to as axioms in mathematical discourse.

The axioms are referred to as " 4 + 1 " because for nearly two millennia the fifth ( parallel ) postulate (" through a point outside a line there is exactly one parallel ") was suspected of being derivable from the first four.

Asteraceae or Compositae ( commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, or sunflower family ), are an exceedingly large and widespread family of Angiospermae.

Although the origins of the term are not referred to in the text, the title served ( along with the general hype created in Australia ) to revive public interest in the legend.

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Recent agrarian thinkers are sometimes referred to as neo-Agrarian and include the likes of Wendell Berry, Paul B. Thompson, and Gene Logsdon.

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Anchored crosses are occasionally a feature of coats of arms in which context they are referred to by the heraldic terms anchry or ancre.

In perfumery, scents referred to as “ amber ” are often created and patented

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The programs in infrared spectroscopy are undergoing reorientation toward wavelength standards in the far infrared, the application of infrared techniques to solid state studies, and increased emphasis on high resolution instrumentation.

In medicine the frequencies are much higher, transducers and the sonar beams themselves are much smaller, and different scanning techniques may be used, but the principles involved are the same as in sonar.

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This can only be for one of two reasons: either the two are quite different and will require totally different theory ( and hence techniques ), or our existing theories are insufficiently general.

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Experiments are in progress to develop ultraviolet spectrophotometric techniques for assaying these enzymes and for studying their sensitivity to metal ions.

Five drying test procedures are established to cover the range of drying techniques used in the home and commercial laundry.

For purely inertial navigators, two techniques are available to accomplish the platform heading: Use of external or surveying equipment to establish proper heading ; ;

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Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals ( behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures ) They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropologists " into the field ," which means traveling to a community in its own setting, to do something called " fieldwork.

Alchemists developed a framework of theory, terminology, experimental process and basic laboratory techniques that are still recognizable today.

A variety of techniques are used with multiple factor ANOVA to reduce

Many methods are used in amateur astronomy, but most are variations of a few specific techniques.

There are techniques of anchoring to limit the swing of a vessel if the anchorage has limited room:

Stir frying, pan frying, and deep frying tend to be the most common Chinese cooking techniques used in this cuisine, which are all easily done using a wok.

Stand-alone, file based, multi-track recorders from Sound Devices, This of course results in a reduction in audio quality, but a variety of techniques are used, mainly by exploiting psychoacoustics, to remove the data that has least effect on perceived quality.

Although such a conversion can be prone to loss, most modern audio systems use this approach as the techniques of digital signal processing are much more powerful and efficient than analog domain signal processing.

Although modern analytical chemistry is dominated by sophisticated instrumentation, the roots of analytical chemistry and some of the principles used in modern instruments are from traditional techniques many of which are still used today.