); its design was planned by the government of the day ; and it places individual letters in syllable clusters with equal dimensions, in the same way as Chinese characters, to allow for mixed-script writing ( one syllable always takes up one type-space no matter how many letters get stacked into building that one sound-block ).

Zhuyin developed out of a form of Chinese shorthand based on Chinese characters in the early 1900s and has elements of both an alphabet and a syllabary.

While Zhuyin is not used as a mainstream writing system, it is still often used in ways similar to a romanization system — that is, for aiding in pronunciation and as an input method for Chinese characters on computers and cellphones.

He was inspired by Chinese characters, with which he became familiar at Shanghai.

Another vital referent is Leibniz ’ s project of an ideographic language called " universal character ", based on the principles of Chinese characters.

Chinese characters can also be written in either direction as well as vertically ( top to bottom then right to left ), especially in signs ( such as plaques ), but the orientation of the individual characters is never changed.

*: Encoding of Chinese characters as 4-digit decimals.

This is done by employing Chinese characters with similar pronunciations.

Since the 20th century, another source of words has been Japanese using existing kanji ( Chinese characters used in Japanese ).

" These pictographs are reputed to be similar to the earliest characters confirmed to be written Chinese.

Early markings from this period found on pottery and shells are thought to be ancestral to modern Chinese characters.

Emperor Kangxi ordered the creation of Kangxi Dictionary, the most complete dictionary of Chinese characters ever put together at the time.

Chinese numerals are characters for writing numbers in Chinese.

The more familiar indigenous system are Chinese characters that correspond to numerals in the spoken language.

The Chinese character numeral system consists of the Chinese characters used by the Chinese written language to write spoken numerals.

Hundreds of Chinese input methods are available for entry of Chinese characters into computers, but most keyboard-based methods rely on either pinyin phonetic readings or root shapes in Chinese characters.

The Chinese zodiac of twelve animal signs is said to represent twelve different types of personality.

The thirty-two-piece Chinese domino set, made to represent each possible face of two thrown dice and thus have no blank faces, differs from the twenty-eight-piece domino set found in the West during the mid 18th century.

Romanization systems use one of two arbitrary ways to represent the Chinese phonemic opposition between aspirated and unaspirated consonants.

Russell Kirkland goes further to argue that these versions are based on Western Orientalist fantasies, and represent the colonial appropriation of Chinese culture.

The principal types of graphemes are logograms, which represent words or morphemes ( for example, Chinese characters, or the ampersand & representing the English word and ; also Arabic numerals ); syllabic characters, representing syllables ( as in Japanese kana ); and alphabetic letters, corresponding roughly to phonemes ( see next section ).

Syllabic writing systems ( such as Japanese kana ) use a symbol to represent a single syllable, and logographic writing systems ( such as Chinese ) use a symbol to represent a morpheme.

This system uses Chinese characters in a variety of functions: their usual ideographic or logographic senses ; to represent Japanese syllables phonetically ; and sometimes in a combination of these functions.

The use of Chinese characters to represent Japanese syllables was in fact the genesis of the modern syllabic kana writing systems, being simplified forms ( hiragana ) or fragments ( katakana ) of the man ' yōgana.

In the Chinese languages, these are understood as grammars that represent the morphology of the language.

It has been suggested that the strongly hierarchical and anti-individualistic " Bugs " in Starship Troopers were meant to represent the Chinese or Japanese, but Heinlein claimed to have written the book in response to " calls for the unilateral ending of nuclear testing by the United States.

After the People's Republic of China was founded, the Republic of China continued to represent China in the UPU, until the organization decided on April 13, 1972 to recognize the People's Republic of China as the only legitimate Chinese representative.

The Chinese character s around the Taijitu symbol read: " Using no way as way " and " Having no limitation as limitation " The arrows represent the endless interaction between yang and yin.

In East Asia, the swastika is a Chinese character, defined by Kangxi Dictionary, published in 1716, as " synonym of myriad, used mostly in Buddhist classic texts ", by extension, the word later evolved to represent eternity and Buddhism.

In Chinese and Japanese the swastika is also a homonym of the number 10, 000, and is commonly used to represent the whole of Creation, e. g. ' the myriad things ' in the Dao De Jing.

In comparison, Logographic writing systems such as Japanese kanji and Chinese hanzi use a symbol to represent a word.

The Chinese phonetic components built into these kanji do not work when they are pronounced in Japanese, and there is not a one-to-one relationship between them and the Japanese words they represent.

The transliteration Liu can represent several different surnames written in different Chinese characters:

The Chinese term 內地, meaning the inland but still translated mainland in English, is commonly applied by SAR governments to represent non-SAR areas of PRC, including Hainan and coastal regions of mainland China, such as " Constitutional and Mainland Affairs " ( 政制及內地事務局 ) and Immigration Departments.

Generally, the hand could represent either a left or right hand, but the Chinese variety usually bore a right hand.

Chinese calligraphy is meant to be represent the artistic personality in a way western calligraphy cannot, and therefore penmanship is valued higher than in any other nation.

Japanese writing evolved from Chinese script and Chinese characters, called kanji, or ideograms, were adopted to represent Japanese words and grammar.

Not all Chinese characters represent morphemes: some morphemes are composed of more than one character.

This whole tendency had an unfortunate effect on Chinese thinking.

Ming Tsai, the owner of the Blue Ginger restaurant in Wellesley, Massachusetts, said that American Chinese restaurants typically try to have food representing 3-5 regions of China at one time, have chop suey, or have " fried vegetables and some protein in a thick sauce ," " eight different sweet and sour dishes ," or " a whole page of 20 different chow meins or fried rice dishes.

The Chinese, during that time used partial plates for " important " body parts instead of covering their whole body since too much plate armour hinders their martial arts movement.

: Of course, not the whole Chinese population of Limehouse was criminal.

The native terms ( Chinese hanzi, Japanese kanji, Korean hanja ) are also fairly widespread in the contexts of the individual languages, but they are not generally considered suitable for discussion of the script as a whole.

In China, the claim that Mao had " adapted Marxism – Leninism to Chinese conditions " evolved into the idea that he had updated it in a fundamental way applying to the world as a whole ; consequently, the term " Marxism – Leninism – Mao Zedong Thought " ( commonly known as Maoism ) was increasingly used to describe the official Chinese state ideology as well as the ideological basis of parties around the world who sympathized with the Communist Party of China ( such as the Communist Party of the Philippines, Marxist – Leninist / Mao Zedong Thought, founded by Jose Maria Sison in 1968 ).

In the 2001 census, some small areas of New Malden had " Other Asian " ( i. e., other than of Indian sub-continental origin, which also included Chinese ) populations of " over 25 %", though no whole ward reached over 20 %.

For example, there is disagreement over whether the entire Tai – Kadai family should be included, since the Chinese cognates that form the basis of the putative relationship are not found in all branches of the family, and have not been reconstructed for the family as a whole.

The soy sauces which are used in Thai cuisine are of Chinese origin and the Thai names for them are ( wholly or partially ) loanwords from the Teochew language: si-io dam ( dark soy sauce ), si-io khao ( light soy sauce ), and taochiao ( fermented whole soy beans ).

A whole fish, chicken, or pig means luck and completeness in Chinese wedding culture.

Chinese Americans, as a whole, have had a ( relatively ) long tenure in New York City.

Ying Zheng, the king of Qin unifies China and proclaims himself the First Emperor, as he is the first Chinese sovereign able to rule the whole country, thus ending the Warring States Period.

Despite, however, their advantage in numbers, the Chinese did not attempt a direct assault on the Legation Quarter although in the words of one of the besieged, " it would have been easy by a strong, swift movement on the part of the numerous Chinese troops to have annihilated the whole body of foreigners ... in an hour.

The Shanghai School ( 海上画派 Haishang Huapai or 海派 Haipai ) is a very important Chinese school of traditional arts during the Qing Dynasty and the whole of the 20th century.

This was the first shorthand system adapted to writing phonetic Japanese, all other systems prior being based on the idea of whole or partial semantic ideographic writing like that used in the Chinese characters, and the phonetic approach being mostly peripheral to writing in general ( even today, Japanese writing uses the syllabaries to pronounce or spell out words, or to indicate grammatical words.

Japanese mathematician Yoshio Mikami pointed out, " was nothing more than the π value obtained several hundred years earlier by the Greek mathematician Archimedes, however Milu could not be found in any Greek, Indian or Arabian manuscripts, not until 1585 Dutch mathematician Adriaan Anthoniszoom obtained this fraction ; the Chinese possessed this most extraordinary fraction over a whole millennium earlier than Europe ".

Chinese Muslims believed that their " Watan "( country in Arabic ) was the whole of the Republic of China, non-Muslims included.

Zhuangzi () was an influential Chinese philosopher who lived around the 4th century BCE during the Warring States Period, a period corresponding to the philosophical summit of Chinese thought — the Hundred Schools of Thought, and is credited with writing — in part or in whole — a work known by his name, the Zhuangzi.

Pitcher railed at the " rottenness of the whole scheme of Chinese architecture ," and urged fellow missionaries " to erect unabashedly Western edifices of several stories and with towering spires in order to destroy nonsense about fung-shuy ".

The courts of Chinese Emperors were among the largest and most complex of all, with the Manchu dynasty occupying the whole Forbidden City and other parts of Beijing.