( This prohibition has been relaxed in many Reform and some Conservative congregations.

This was primarily a political strategy designed to give the Conservative party control of the reform process and the subsequent long-term benefits in the Commons, similar to those derived by the Whigs after their 1832 Reform Act.

After a brief Conservative interlude ( during which the Second Reform Act was passed by agreement between the parties ), Gladstone won a huge victory at the 1868 election and formed the first Liberal government.

Conservative Judaism has its roots in the school of thought known as Positive-Historical Judaism, developed in 1850s Germany as a reaction to the more liberal religious positions taken by Reform Judaism.

Like Reform Judaism, the Conservative movement developed in Europe and the United States in the 19th century, as Jews reacted to the changes brought about by the Enlightenment and Jewish emancipation, a confluence of events that lead to Haskalah, or the Jewish Enlightenment.

Working with this 1990s trend of diversity and institutional growth, Conservative Judaism remained the largest denomination in America, with 43 percent of Jewish households affiliated with a synagogue belonging to Conservative synagogues ( compared to 35 percent for Reform and 16 percent for Orthodox ).

However, Conservative Judaism also rejects the Reform view, that the Torah was not revealed but divinely inspired.

Conservative Jews believe that movements to its left, such as Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism, have erred by rejecting the traditional authority of Jewish law and tradition.

Conservative Judaism views the process by which Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism make changes to Jewish tradition as potentially invalid.

Thus, Conservative Judaism rejects patrilineal descent and would hold that a child of a non-Jewish mother who was raised as a Reform or Reconstructionist Jew is not legally Jewish and would have to undergo conversion to become a Jew.

The Conservative movement is committed to Jewish pluralism and respects the religious practices of Reform and Reconstructionist Jews.

The three largest Jewish denominations — Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism — maintain the belief that the Jews have been chosen by God for a purpose.

" On August 13, 2002 American Catholic bishops issued a joint statement with leaders of Reform and Conservative Judaism, called " Reflections on Covenant and Mission ", which affirmed that Christians should not target Jews for conversion.

The largest Jewish religious movements are Orthodox Judaism ( Haredi Judaism and Modern Orthodox Judaism ), Conservative Judaism and Reform Judaism.

Conservative and Reform Judaism are more liberal, with Conservative Judaism generally promoting a more " traditional " interpretation of Judaism's requirements than Reform Judaism.

The main denominations today outside Israel ( where the situation is rather different ) are Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform.

This portion of the population largely ignores organized religious life, be it of the official Israeli rabbinate ( Orthodox ) or of the liberal movements common to diaspora Judaism ( Reform, Conservative ).

In general, Orthodox and Conservative congregations adhere most closely to tradition, and Reform and Reconstructionist synagogues are more likely to incorporate translations and contemporary writings in their services.

Also, in most Conservative synagogues, and all Reform and Reconstructionist congregations, women participate in prayer services on an equal basis with men, including roles traditionally filled only by men, such as reading from the Torah.

This role requires ordination by the congregation's preferred authority ( i. e. from a respected Orthodox rabbi or, if the congregation is Conservative or Reform, from academic seminaries ).

Since the Enlightenment large synagogues have often adopted the practice of hiring rabbis and hazzans to act as shatz and baal kriyah, and this is still typically the case in many Conservative and Reform congregations.

The first split in the Conservative coalition occurred in 1963, when followers of Mordecai Kaplan seceded from the movement to form a distinct Reconstructionist Judaism.

They have been accepted as religious holidays by the following groups: The Union of Orthodox Congregations and the Rabbinical Council of America ; The United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth ; Reform Judaism ; Conservative Judaism ; Reconstructionist Judaism ; the Union for Traditional Judaism.

It made its greatest stride in becoming the fourth movement in North American Judaism ( Orthodox, Conservative and Reform being the other three ) with the founding of the Reconstructionist Rabbinical College in 1968.

* The Orthodox rabbinical establishment rejects the validity of Conservative, Reform and Reconstructionist rabbis on the grounds that their movements ' teachings are in violation of traditional Jewish tenets.

Some Modern Orthodox rabbis are respectful toward non-Orthodox rabbis and focus on commonalities even as they disagree on interpretation of some areas of Halakha ( with Conservative rabbis ) or the authority of Halakha ( with Reform and Reconstructionist rabbis ).

Sandy Eisenberg Sasso became the first female rabbi in Reconstructionist Judaism in 1974 ( one of 110 by 2006 ); and Amy Eilberg became the first female rabbi in Conservative Judaism in 1985 ( one of 177 by 2006 ).

Rabbi Mordecai Kaplan, who developed Reconstructionist Judaism and taught at the Conservative Jewish Theological Seminary of America, also rejected the idea of a personal God, Kaplan instead thought of God " as a force, like gravity, built into the very structure of the universe ," believing that " since the universe is constructed to enable us to gain personal happiness and communal solidarity when we act morally, it follows that there is a moral force in the universe ; this force is what the Constructionists mean by God ," although some Reconstructionists do believe in a personal God.

Conservative Jews tend to believe that much of the Oral law is divinely inspired, while Reform and Reconstructionist Jews tend to view all of the Oral law as an entirely human creation.

They view Reform Judaism, Reconstructionist Judaism and Conservative Judaism as heretical non-Jewish movements.

:... Reform, Conservative and Reconstructionist communities are not only more numerous in their official memberships than the Orthodox community, but they are also vital, powerful and dynamic ; they are committed to Jewish survival, each according to its own lights ; they are a part of Klal Yisrael ; and they consider their rabbis their leaders.

Conservative Judaism holds that both Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism have made major and unjustifiable breaks with historic Judaism, both by their rejection of Jewish law and tradition as normative, and by their unilateral acts in creating a separate definition of Jewishness ( i. e. the latter movement's acceptance of patrilineal descent as an additional way of defining Jewishness.

) Despite this disagreement, Conservative Judaism respects the right of Reform and Reconstructionist Jews to interpret Judaism in their own way.

Other Conservative rabbis, along with some Reform and Reconstructionist rabbis, are prepared to give equal kohen status to the daughter of a kohen.

The term also describes the four branches of Judaism ( Orthodox, Conservative, Reform and Reconstructionist ), and describes the two main branches of Islam ( Sunni and Shia ).

The Conservative movement is perceived to have lost its uniqueness as its once-path-finding ideology of tradition and change has spread to and become a bedrock assumption of the Reform, Reconstructionist and " Renewal " groups, where services use Hebrew and traditional prayers, ( often in updated versions ) where study of traditional texts is considered important, where halacha ( Jewish law ) is treated with both respect and flexibility, and where egalitarian gender practices prevail.

* The Long Island Board of Rabbis, an organization of Conservative, Orthodox, Reform, and Reconstructionist rabbis on Long Island, has had its headquarters in Deer Park.

Today, Reform, Conservative, and Reconstructionist rabbis draw on the lessons of modern critical Bible scholarship as well as the traditional forms of Biblical exegesis.

Women in egalitarian movements ( Reform, Conservative, Reconstructionist and others ) are not prohibited from wearing a tallit, and usually encouraged to do so.

She is a committed animal lover and one of the few Conservative MPs to have consistently voted for the ban on fox hunting.

In the 1920s, the Labour Party permanently replaced the Liberals as the largest opponent of the Conservative Party in British politics, and the Liberals went into decline, which culminated in their winning as few as 6 seats at general elections during the 1950s.

In nearly all Orthodox and a few Conservative circles, only male Jews are counted toward a minyan ; most Conservative Jews and members of other Jewish denominations count female Jews as well.

Major never succeeded in reconciling the " Euro-rebels " among his MPs to his European policy, who although relatively few in number-in spite of the fact that their views were much more widely supported amongst Conservative activists and voters-wielded great influence because of his small majority, and episodes such as the Maastricht Rebellion inflicted serious political damage on him and his government.

Conservative commentator Dinesh D ' Souza, for example, published the letters of gay fellow students at Dartmouth College in the campus newspaper he edited ( The Dartmouth Review ) in 1981 ; a few years later, succeeding Review editor Laura Ingraham had a meeting of a campus gay organization secretly tape-recorded, then published a transcript as part of an editorial denouncing the group as " cheerleaders for latent campus sodomites.

A few days later another sealed package of soil was left in Blackpool, where the ruling Conservative Party was holding its annual conference.

Saskatchewan's Progressive Conservative Party effectively ceased to exist in 1997, when the Saskatchewan Party was formed primarily from former PC Members of the Legislative Assembly ( MLAs ) with a few Liberal Party MLAs joining them.

As for Devonshire and his allies, they put their political efforts into the Free Food League which included a sizeable minority of Conservative Members of Parliament ( MPs ) ( and, for a few months, Conservative MP Winston Churchill before he too defected to the Liberals in 1904 ).

With a few exceptions, the remaining Liberal Unionists were now firm supporters of tariffs, as were now the majority of the Conservative MPs.

When it became clear after a few days that the joke was not going to subside, the party's official name was quickly changed to the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance, but was almost always called simply " the Canadian Alliance " or " the Alliance ".

Within two days 231 of the 280 Conservative MPs had signed it ; 27 frontbenchers had not been invited, neither had five who were not in London, seven who were ill, the Speaker and a few others who could not be found — only eight MPs actively refused to sign.

Over the next few days the Conservative backbenchers threatened to break the truce and mount an attack on the government over the munitions situation.

A final barrier was removed a few days later when Haultain, who was a Conservative federally but who was thought to be a potential leader of a coalition government, announced that he would stay in Regina to lead the Saskatchewan Conservatives.

" In Congress the Conservative Coalition blocked nearly all of Kennedy's domestic programs, so there were few changes in domestic policy, even as the civil rights movement gained momentum.

Conservative Argentine authorities rated these movies as PM-18 ( age 18 and above ), save for a few tamer films aimed at family audiences.

David Orchard argued that his written agreement with Peter MacKay, which had been signed a few months earlier at the 2003 Progressive Conservative Leadership convention, excluded any such merger.

For the next few years there was some speculation about a return to frontline politics, as often happens when a Cabinet minister resigns, but Churchill's own career as a Conservative chief was over.

In 1902, he was elected mayor of London and a few months later was elected to the Ontario legislature as the Conservative member from the London riding.

In Orthodox and Conservative Jewish synagogues, each circuit is announced by a few melodious invocations imploring God to Hoshiah Na (" Save us ") and ending with the refrain, Aneinu B ' yom Koreinu (" Answer us on the day we call ").

However, during its 13 years back in government, the Labour Party made few changes to the union reforms passed by the Thatcher and Major Conservative governments and the only nationalisations which took place during that time were of several leading banks facing collapse in the recession of 2008 and 2009.

Cash was cleared on appeal in February 2010 by former High Court judge and President of the Court of Appeal, the Rt Hon Sir Paul Kennedy after it was reported on 28 May 2009, in the swirl of stories surrounding the 2009 Parliamentary Expenses scandal, that Cash had claimed £ 15, 000 which he paid his daughter, Laetitia Cash, a prospective Conservative candidate, as rent for a Notting Hill flat, when he had a mortgaged flat of his own a few miles away, which his son Sam Cash was staying in rent-free.

* 1886-Quebec general election: Liberals win, but Conservative minority government remains in office for a few more months.