Nevertheless, because the Cost Section has felt impelled to make some kind of a distribution of total costs, it has apportioned this residue, which it sometimes calls `` burden '', among the units of carload traffic on a basis ( partly ton, partly ton-mile ) which is concededly quite arbitrary from the standpoint of cost determination.

Cost of power and machinery is often a serious problem to the small-scale farmer.

Cost is also an issue because artillery is expensive due to the large quantities of ammunition that it uses and its level of manpower.

The 1571 built into the European plastic-case C128 D computer is electronically identical to the stand-alone version, but 1571 version integrated into the later metal-case C128 D ( often called C128 DCR, for D Cost Reduced ) differs a lot from the stand-alone 1571.

According to Mercer's 2011 Worldwide Cost of Living Survey, Dublin is the 13th most expensive city in the European Union ( down from 10th in 2010 ) and the 58th most expensive place to live in the world ( down from 42nd in 2010 ).

* the Building Cost Cards — the information on these cards is provided by the City Upgrade Calendar.

Cost reduction over a ramp-up period of about 20 years is needed in order for PEM fuel cells to compete with current market technologies, including gasoline internal combustion engines.

The Active Cost is calculated as an intermediate step as it is required to calculate certain figures, such as range, END usage, difficulty of activation rolls, and other things.

The formula for calculating the Active Cost is:

Once Active Cost is calculated, limitations are applied.

The Real Cost of the power is then determined by:

The Real Cost is the amount the character must actually pay for the Power.

The price is a premium on points, called the Control Cost.

If the MRP is greater than a firm's Marginal Cost, then the firm will employ the worker since doing so will increase profit.

* Cost and freight ( C & F, CFR, CNF ): Insurance is payable by the importer, and the exporter pays all expenses incurred in transporting the cargo from its place of origin to the port / airport and ocean freight / air freight to the port / airport of destination.

Cost accounting information is designed for managers.

Cost accounting information is commonly used in financial accounting information, but first we are concentrating in its use by managers to take decisions.

Cost accounting is regarded as the process of collecting, analysing, summarising and evaluating various alternative courses of action involving costs and advising the management on the most appropriate course of action based on the cost efficiency and capability of the management.

Discounting is a financial mechanism in which a debtor obtains the right to delay payments to a creditor, for a defined period of time, in exchange for a charge or fee .< ref name =" Finance_Discount ">< BLOCKQUOTE > See " Time Value ", " Discount ", " Discount Yield ", " Compound Interest ", " Efficient Market ", " Market Value ", " Opportunity Cost ": </ BLOCKQUOTE > J.

The Concept is associated with the Opportunity Cost of not having use of the money for the period of time covered by the delay in payment.

The discount rate which is used in financial calculations is usually chosen to be equal to the Cost of Capital.

Financial capital maintenance in nominal monetary units, i. e., globally implemented Historical cost accounting during low inflation and deflation only under the traditional Historical Cost paradigm.

A major difference between US GAAP and IFRS is the fact that three fundamentally different concepts of capital and capital maintenance are authorized in IFRS while US GAAP only authorize two capital and capital maintenance concepts during low inflation and deflation: ( 1 ) physical capital maintenance and ( 2 ) financial capital maintenance in nominal monetary units ( traditional Historical Cost Accounting ) as stated in Par 45 to 48 in the FASB Conceptual Satement Nº 5.

* Cost and complexity for merchants to offer support, contrasted with the comparatively low cost and simplicity of the existing SSL based alternative.

Long lines of cars and trucks quickly appeared at retail gas stations in the U. S. and some stations closed because of a shortage of fuel at the low price set by the U. S. Cost of Living Council.

On 23 July 2008 the Central Rail Corridor Board ( a joint group of local councils and stakeholders ) commissioned study by Network Rail reported that there was not an economic case for reopening, citing a £ 141 million cost and a low " Benefit To Cost ratio " of 0. 64 to 0. 79 when a BCR of 1. 5 is the minimum needed to make a scheme viable.

The UNAIDS / WHO / SACEMA Expert Group on Modelling the Impact and Cost of Male Circumcision for HIV Prevention found " large benefits " of circumcision in settings with high HIV prevalence and low circumcision prevalence.

Cost free Cascades are still in operation, although they do not offer the low latency, multiple Mixes per Cascade or guaranteed bandwidth the commercial ones do.

Cost overruns caused its estimated final cost to approach $ 2 billion by the late 1970s, due to low worker productivity and design changes ordered by the NRC.

Cost compared to a real vessel is low.

Cost was generally low to appeal to the average citizens.

The first, or double-step, type might also be called the `` railroad type '' because of its application to railroads ( and other transportation agencies ) by the Cost Section of the Interstate Commerce Commission.

Cost is also an important consideration with this method because immobilized Protein A / G is a more expensive resin.

Cost position is determined by the cumulative cost of performing all value activities. _To sustain cost advantage, Porter gives a number of cost drivers which must be understood in detail because the sustainability of cost advantage in an activity depends on the cost drivers of that activity.

The College Cost Reduction and Access Act of 2007 made history, because it federally recognized the existence of Asian American Pacific Islander ( AAPI ) serving institutions, making them eligible to be designated as minority serving institutions.

In the introduction to The Cost of Natural Selection Haldane writes that it is difficult for breeders to simultaneously select all the desired qualities, partly because the required genes may not be found together in the stock ; but, writes Haldane ( p. 511 ),

Haldane ( 1957 The Cost of Natural Selection ) drew attention to the fact that in the process of the evolutionary substitution of one allele for another, at any intensity of selection and no matter how slight the importance of the locus, a substantial number of individuals would usually be lost because they did not already possess the new allele.

The documentary Wal-Mart: The High Cost of Low Price, shows one successful unionization of a Walmart store in Jonquière, Quebec ( Canada ) in 2004, but Walmart closed the store five months later because the company did not approve of the new " business plan " a union would require.

* Cost Savings – Companies save on their cost of capital because they do not have to pay for a facility and the equipment needed for production.

Josiah Warren termed the phrase " Cost the limit of price ," with " cost " here referring not to monetary price paid but the labor one exerted to produce an item.

19th century American individualist anarchists based their economics on the LTV, with their particular interpretation of it being called " Cost the limit of price ".

Cost has plummeted over time, with the cheapest 8-bit microcontrollers being available for under $ 0. 25 in quantity ( thousands ) in 2009, and some 32-bit microcontrollers around $ 1 for similar quantities.

But at all Cost, a Thing must live: with a transfusion of one ’ s own worse Life if one can ’ t retain the Original ’ s better.

* Hale, A. R., " These Cults ": An Analysis of the Foibles of Dr. Morris Fishbein's " Medical Follies " and an Indictment of Medical Practice in General, with a Non-Partisan Presentation of the Case for the Drugless Schools of Healing, Comprising Essays on Homeopathy, Osteopathy, Chiropractic, The Abrams Method, Vivisection, Physical Culture, Christian Science, Medical Publicity, The Cost of Hospitalization and State Medicine, National Health Foundation, ( New York ), 1926.

Cost for decentralized companies ( i. e., those with multiple segments or divisions ) were considerably more than centralized companies.

Advertising for the film ( pictured at right ) boasted of the extravagant expense incurred in presenting the spectacle :" Actual Sinking of an Ocean Liner. Two Battleships Sunk by United States Navy .$ 18, 000 Used for Ammunition in One Battle. 40, 000 People Employed. 10, 000 Horses in Thrilling Cavalry Charges. 40 Aeroplanes in Great Air Battle. Every Death-dealing Device Known to Modern War in Operation. One Year in the Making. Cost $ 1, 000, 000. 00. Entire Cities Built and Destroyed. An Awe-inspiring Spectacle that one minute makes your blood run cold and another thrills you with its touches of human gentleness. The Story of the Greatest Love of the Ages —- the Love of Humanity.

Cost is then subject to depreciation with to write off the cost of the asset over its estimated useful life down to the recoverable amount.

# Combine those analysis with the SME's business plan / business model analysis ( e. g. Business description, Business process, Business strategy, Revenue model, Business expansion, Return of Investment, Financial analysis ( Company History, Financial assumption, Cost / Benefit Analysis, Projected profit & Loss, Cashflow, Balance sheet & business Ratio, etc.

Cost of production concerns the seller ’ s investment ( e. g., manufacturing expense ) in the product being exchanged with a buyer.

The cigarette industry was particularly concerned with Value of Life calculations since it came under regular attack in the 1980s and 1990s for the " Social Cost " of smoking on the national economy.

In 1972, Cost of Living Adjustments ( COLAs ) were introduced into SSA programs to deal with the effects of inflation on fixed incomes.

According to the Institute of Cost and Management Accountants of Pakistan, a cost audit is " an examination of cost accounting records and verification of facts to ascertain that the cost of the product has been arrived at, in accordance with principles of cost accounting.

Cost savings to graziers can also be recognized when one considers that many of the costs associated with livestock operations are transmitted to the grazers.

Death: The High Cost of Living is an American comic book miniseries, written by Neil Gaiman with art by Chris Bachalo and Mark Buckingham.

Cost overruns with government projects have occurred when the contractor was able to identify change orders or changes in the project resulting in large increases in cost, which are not subject to competition by other firm as they have already been eliminated from consideration after the initial bid.

Cost over-runs at nuclear reactors and a very hot summer combined with problems in market regulation to drive hydro prices up significantly ( particularly in northern Ontario ).

With the slogan " Power at Cost " and in Latin, " dona naturae pro populo sunt " (" the gifts of nature are for the public "), he convinced Premier Whitney to create a board of enquiry on the matter, with him as chairman.

# Any card with a Maintenance Cost

** Product differentiation ** Cost leadership ** Market segmentation * Innovation strategies — This deals with the firm's rate of the new product development and business model innovation.

In 1958, at Carnegie Institute of Technology ( now Carnegie Mellon University ), he collaborated with his colleague Franco Modigliani on the paper The Cost of Capital, Corporate Finance and the Theory of Investment.