The Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OAPEC ) is a multi-governmental organization headquartered in Kuwait which coordinates energy policies between oil – producing Arab nations, and whose main purpose is developmental.

The Geefs family played a leading role in the craze for public sculpture that followed Belgian independence in the 1830s, producing several propagandistic monuments that emphasized a " historical continuity of the southern Low Countries in the new independent state.

Bad relations between England and Flanders brought hard times to the shepherds scattered over the dales and downs as well as to the crowded Flemish cities, and while the English, so far, had done no more than grumble, Othon had seen what the discontent might lead to, for before he left the Low Countries the citizens of Ghent had risen in protest against the expense of supporting Edward and his troops, and the regular soldiers had found it unexpectedly difficult to put down the nasty little riot that ensued.

Barge and canal systems were nonetheless of great, perhaps even primary, economic importance until after World War I in Europe, particularly in the more developed nations of the Low Countries, France, Germany, Poland, and especially Great Britain which more or less made the system characteristically its own.

Countries began to develop weapons which were much more effective, and much less likely to cause infection to the wrong party.

Countries that are more red are authoritarian, and most often dictatorships.

Austrian rulers were more or less ready to exchange Luxembourg and other territories in the Low Countries.

The Bourbons of France held a strong claim to Luxembourg, the Emperor of Austria on the other hand had controlled the duchy until the revolutionary forces had joined it to the French republic ( he reportedly was not enthusiastic about regaining Luxembourg and the Low Countries, being more interested in the Balkans ).

Countries are forced to follow suit, on this view, because should they not foreign investment will dry up, move places with lower " burdens " and leave more people jobless and poor.

Countries with a minority Muslim population are more likely than Muslim-majority countries of the Greater Middle East to use mosques as a way to promote civic participation.

Countries can have more than one threshold.

In 2006, the Federation of Jewish Communities of the CIS and Baltic Countries organized over 500 public Seders throughout the Former Soviet Union, led by local rabbis and Chabad rabbinical students, drawing more than 150, 000 attendees in total.

The Low Countries, Flanders, Brabant and Holland, were part of the inheritance of Philip II of Spain, who was a devout Catholic and self-proclaimed protector of the Counter-Reformation, and suppressed Protestantism through his Governor-general or Regent, Margaret of Parma the illegitimate daughter of Emperor Charles V, was herself more willing to compromise.

In 1566, unlike the situation after the Eighty Years War and today, Protestantism in the Low Countries was mainly concentrated in the south ( roughly modern Belgium ), and much weaker in the north ( roughly now the Netherlands ), and iconoclasm in the north began later, after news of the events in Antwerp was received, and was more successfully resisted by local authorities in some towns, although still succeeding in most.

Countries in Latin America such as Argentina and Brazil previously had their own USA Network versions, but in September 2004, most were renamed Universal Channel to take advantage of the more well-known brand and reduce the awkwardness of a channel branded with the initials of another nation.

Countries with more advanced economies than other developing nations, but which have not yet fully demonstrated the signs of a developed country, are categorized under the term newly industrialized countries. In 2010, a magazine named Global South Development Magazine was launched by a Finnish development media organisation fully dedicating its cover issues to developmental issues of the developing countries since then.

The Flemish presence, reputed to result from floods in the Low Countries, was more likely to have consisted initially of Flemish mercenaries originally in the invading army of William the Conqueror, who in reward for their part in William's victory were granted lands in parts of Northern Britain, and in Wales in the Gower, and Geraldus Cambrensis recorded their presence in the Hundred of Roose in Pembrokeshire.

In 1493 the town became part of the Low Countries and under Spanish dominion for more than 170 years.

Countries scoring low on assertiveness but higher in interpersonal relations may not like the social separation and pay inequity of higher / lower performing employees ; employees from this more cooperative rather than individualistic culture place more concern on interpersonal relationships with other employees rather than on individual interests.

In 1565, running short of funds as he had continued the representation of the Low Countries entirely from his own pocket, Egmont went to Madrid to beseech Philip II, the king of Spain, for a change of policy in the Netherlands, but met with little more than courtesy.

The German and Low Countries movement, the Brothers of the Cross, is particularly well documented-they wore white robes and marched across Germany in 33. 5 day campaigns ( each day referred to a year of Jesus's earthly life ) of penance, only stopping in any one place for no more than a day.

To make matters worse, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OPEC ) began displaying its strength ; oil, fueling automobiles and homes in a country increasingly dominated by suburbs ( where large homes and automobile-ownership are more common ), became an economic and political tool for Third World nations to begin fighting for their concerns.

The tradition of still life painting appears to have started and was far more popular in the contemporary Low Countries, today Belgium and Netherlands ( then Flemish and Dutch artists ), than it ever was in southern Europe.

As a result of the 1973 oil crisis, combined with the growing influence of Third World alignments such as the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries ( OPEC ) and the Non-Aligned Movement, less-powerful countries had more room to assert their independence and often showed themselves resistant to pressure from either superpower.

Countries are still expected to maintain their SDR holdings at a certain level, but penalties for holding fewer than the allocated amount are now less onerous.

An early and prominent example of this was The Political Economy of Soil Erosion in Developing Countries by Piers Blaikie in 1985, which traced land degradation in Africa to colonial policies of land appropriation, rather than over-exploitation by African farmers.

The Low Countries were the scene of the early northern towns, newbuilt rather than developed from ancient centres, that mark the reawakening of Europe in the 12th century.

In Belgium, the title of Duke of Brabant ( historically the most prestigious in the Low Countries, and containing the federal capital Brussels ), if still vacant, has been awarded preferentially to the eldest son and heir presumptive of the king, other male dynasts receiving various lower historical titles ( much older than Belgium, and in principle never fallen to the Belgian crown ), such as Count of Flanders ( King Leopold III's so-titled brother held the title when he became the realm's temporary head of state as prince-regent ) and Prince of Liège ( a secularised version of the historical prince-bishopric ; e. g., the present King Albert II until he succeeded his older brother Baudouin I ).

Countries with complex regional electorates may elect a head of state by means of an electoral college rather than a direct popular election.

Countries that are at this stage ( Total Fertility Rate of less than 2. 5 in 1997 ) include: United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, all of Europe, Bahamas, Puerto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Brazil, Sri Lanka, South Korea, Singapore, Iran, China, Turkey, Thailand and Mauritius.

Though West Francia ( the future France ) was far less menaced by the Vikings than the Low Countries, it was heavily hit nonetheless.

Countries with more than 5 billion passenger-km

Countries with stronger investor protections tend to grow faster than those with poor investor protections.

Until June, 1943, VIII Bomber Command could not mount missions of more than 100 aircraft and consequently limited targets to those in Occupied France and the Low Countries, and to shallow penetrations of Germany.

Many hedgerows separating fields from lanes in the United Kingdom, Ireland and the Low Countries are estimated to have been in existence for more than seven hundred years, originating in the medieval period.

Clovis's capital, Tournai ( in modern Wallonia ), was a Roman-founded city, and Latin was thus spoken there more than in other parts of the Low Countries.

Although it also breeds from Britain east through the Low Countries to Poland, Germany and Denmark, there are fewer than 2, 000 pairs in these more southerly areas.

In early 2004, Nicaragua secured some $ 4. 5 billion in foreign debt reduction under the International Monetary Fund and World Bank Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative.

In Western, Northern and Central Europe ( France, Norway, Denmark, the Low Countries, and the annexed portions of Czechoslovakia ) Germany established economic policies through which it collected roughly 69. 5 billion reichmarks ( 27. 8 billion US Dollars ) by the end of the war ; this figure does not include the sizable plunder of industrial products, military equipment, raw materials and other goods.

* September 8 – An earthquake in Brabant of scale 5. 8 is felt across the Low Countries, Germany and England.

Maximilian's wife had inherited the vast Burgundian domains in France and the Low Countries upon her father's death in the Battle of Nancy on 5 January 1477.

As the only child of Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, and his wife Isabella of Bourbon, she was the heiress to the vast, and vastly wealthy, Burgundian domains in France and the Low Countries upon her father's death in the Battle of Nancy on 5 January 1477., and was accordingly often referred to as " Mary the Rich ".

( 1 ) Various Countries of the World bringing in their Offerings to the Exhibition of 1851 ; ( 2 ) Music ; ( 3 ) Sculpture ; ( 4 ) Painting ; ( 5 ) Princes, Art Patrons and Artists ; ( 6 ) Workers in Stone ; ( 7 ) Workers in Wood and Brick ; ( 8 ) Architecture ; ( 9 ) The Infancy of the Arts and Sciences ; ( 10 ) Agriculture ; ( 11 ) Horticulture and Land Surveying ; ( 12 ) Astronomy and Navigation ; ( 13 ) A Group of Philosophers, Sages and Students ; ( 14 ) Engineering ; ( 15 ) The Mechanical Powers ; and ( 16 ) Pottery and Glassmaking.

* Volume 5: Countries P-Si

Countries such as Guatemala have rates of stunting as high as 82 % in children under 5 ( ENSMI 2008-2009 ).

* Ernest Mandel, " Semicolonial Countries and Semi-Industrialised Dependent Countries ", New International ( New York ), No. 5, pp. 149-175 )

In addition exports to other areas of Europe, traditionally France, Italy and the Low Countries, experienced a massive decline ; from 33 per cent at the turn of the century to roughly 5 per cent by 1980.