Courts sometimes act as stakeholders, holding property while litigation between the possible owners resolves the issue of which one is entitled to the property.

Courts sometimes mandate its use as a remedy in lawsuits brought under the Voting Rights Act in the United States ; an example of this occurred in 2009 in Port Chester, New York., which had its first cumulative voting elections for its Board of Trustees in 2010 ..

Their legal dispute resulted in important precedent regarding international custody issues, followed widely in the courts of the U. S. and other countries, sometimes referred to as the " settled purpose " doctrine: In Re Bates, No. CA 122-89, High Court of Justice, Family Div ' l Ct. Royal Courts of Justice, United Kingdom ( 1989 ).

Midsummer Courts were sometimes presided over personally by the Lords of Mann, but more often by his representatives, as the Lords of Mann were often British aristocrats or monarchs who were not resident in the island.

The Courts have viewed the Due Process Clause, and sometimes other clauses of the Constitution, as embracing those fundamental rights that are “ implicit in the concept of ordered liberty .” Just what those rights are is not always clear, nor is the Supreme Court's authority to enforce such unenumerated rights clear.

They also existed in North American colonies, sometimes known as Courts of General Sessions, and were held in Pennsylvania until the constitution of that Commonwealth was rewritten in 1968 and the courts ' jurisdiction was placed under the pre-existing Courts of Common Pleas in each county, and in New York until a similar reform.

Courts have viewed the Due Process Clause, and sometimes other clauses of the Constitution, as embracing those fundamental rights that are “ implicit in the concept of ordered liberty .” Just what those rights are is not always clear, nor is the Supreme Court's authority to enforce such unenumerated rights clear.

: Many are the yeerly enormities < nowiki ></ nowiki > of this Fayre, in whose Courts of Pye-pouldres I have had the honour during the three dayes sometimes to sit as Judge.

Provincial Courts in this sense are courts of limited statutory jurisdiction, sometimes referred to as " inferior courts.

Courts sometimes distinguish between an employee's " detour " or " frolic ".

The district courts ( or ; also called or courts ), which were called People's Courts until 1996, are primarily courts of first instance but sometimes hear appeals from Justices of the Peace Courts.

Courts sometimes award large awards, with a few cases in recent years involving awards of over one million dollars.

In that event, we can correctly say that we have received an authoritative interpretation of the matter, and one which we can follow statewide with confidence that the policy will not be overthrown in other Superior Courts.

Narayanan – AIR India Reporter 1988 Court Page No. 1381 ; 1988 Volume No. 3 SCC Court Cases Page No. 366 ; 1988 PLJR 78 – Although an affidavit may be taken as proof of the facts stated therein, the Courts have no jurisdiction to admit evidence by way of affidavit.

Courts in the United States and the United Kingdom have rejected the doctrine of a common law copyright.

Judges from the Court of Final Appeal, High Court, District Courts along with members from the various tribunals and Coroner's Court all have the power to impose immediate punishments for contempt in the face of the court, derived from legislation or through common law:

Magistrates ' Courts are not superior courts of record, but nonetheless have powers granted under the Contempt of Court Act 1981.

Courts have ruled as excessive and invalidated damages which the parties contracted as liquidated, but which the court nonetheless found to be penal.

In England and Wales ( which have the same legal system ), minor criminal cases are heard without a jury in the Magistrates ' Courts.

Courts have ruled this admissible as long as the original waiver is said and the " translation " is recorded either on paper or on tape.

* S. M. Stirling's Lords of Creation series includes In the Courts of the Crimson Kings, in which Mars ( as well as Venus ) have been terraformed by unknown aliens over the course of hundreds of millions of years and seeded with all kinds of terrestrial life.

Other sites from the defunct Alamo Plaza Hotel Courts chain in Chattanooga, Memphis and Dallas have simply been demolished.

Thus, a federal district court that falls within the geographic boundaries of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals is bound by rulings of the Third Circuit Court, but not by rulings in the Ninth Circuit, since the Circuit Courts of Appeals have jurisdiction defined by geography.

Courts faced with a choice of law issue have a two-stage process:

Finally, if all possible rightful orders of primogeniture and representation have been exhausted, then the General Courts will select a successor in the way that best suits the interest of Spain.

Courts have not yet had to decide whether advertisers can be held liable for spyware that displays their ads.

Courts have developed a number of exceptions to the warrant requirement:

Courts have treated this area as an extension of the house and as such subject to all the privacy protections afforded a person ’ s home ( unlike a person's open fields ) under the Fourth Amendment.

" The U. S. Courts of Appeals for the Fourth and Ninth circuits have ruled that information on a traveler's electronic materials, including personal files on a laptop computer, may be searched at random, without suspicion.

U. S. Courts of Appeals, in Immediato v. Rye Neck School District, Herndon v. Chapel Hill, and Steirer v. Bethlehem School District, have ruled that the use of community service as a high school graduation requirement did not violate the Thirteenth Amendment.

Courts have distinguished between two types of civil disobedience: " Indirect civil disobedience involves violating a law which is not, itself, the object of protest, whereas direct civil disobedience involves protesting the existence of a particular law by breaking that law.

Courts in New York, North Carolina, and Virginia have ruled that, under applicable state law, ULC ministers are not authorized to solemnize marriages and a marriage at which a ULC minister officiated therefore is not valid.

The law courts have since moved to the Royal Courts of Justice, close to the border of the City of London.

3 ( a )( 10 ) of the 34 act ) the US Courts have developed a broad definition for securities that must then be registered with the SEC.

Courts martial have the authority to try a wide range of military offences, many of which closely resemble civilian crimes like fraud, theft or perjury.

Unlike the state supreme court, the Courts of Appeal have mandatory review jurisdiction under the informal legal tradition in common law countries that all litigants are entitled to at least one appeal.

However, in 2006, the Scottish Government announced its intention to unify the management of the sheriff and district courts in Scotland, but retaining lay justices, as part of its initiative to create a unified judiciary under the Lord President ; the Justice of the Peace Courts were implemented on a Sheriffdom by Sheriffdom basis.

Returning to the subject of the validity of a contract's existence ( as determined by its means of creation ): Courts in the UK have taken the view that online contracts are no different to ( a ) offline ones or ( b ) ones made electronically at a distance by telex, fax, or morse-code telegraphy, and accordingly can be valid subject to all the usual contract principles: there must be offer, acceptance, contractual intention and certainty as to terms.

Courts generally interpret statutes that create new causes of action narrowly – that is, limited to their precise terms — because the courts generally recognize the legislature as being supreme in deciding the reach of judge-made law unless such statute should violate some " second order " constitutional law provision ( cf.

The Constitution Act describes the three branches of Government in New Zealand: The Executive ( the Sovereign and Cabinet ), the legislature ( Parliament ) and the judiciary ( Courts ).

The Judiciary power is vested on Tribunals and Courts of Civil Law and a nine-member Supreme Court of Justice, all of them independent of the executive and the legislature.

General elections are elections held for the national legislature, which is called in Spain Cortes Generales ( literally " General Courts ") and consists of two chambers, the Congress of Deputies ( Congreso de los Diputados ) and the Senate ( Senado ).

Courts should defer to the legislature, unless there's a clear constitutional reason " otherwise, said Smith.

In 2008, the reports on the first five judges to be evaluated in the program were sent to the chairmen of the Senate and House Courts of Justice committees ; however, the Court also entered an order directing the chairmen to disseminate the reports only to the members of the legislature and to collect all copies at the end of the session and return them to the Court.

Three advisory / administrative bodies have been created by the legislature to aid in the operation of the court system: the Judicial Inquiry and Review Commission, the Judicial Council, and the Committee on District Courts.

The Castle did not hold the judicial branch, which was centred on the Four Courts, or the legislature, which met at College Green till the Act of Union 1800 and thereafter at Westminster.

During his tenure, the New Hampshire legislature did away with the Courts of Common Pleas, transferring their duties to the State Supreme Court.

They act as limitations on the powers of the legislature and executive, under Article 13, and in case of any violation of these rights the Supreme Court of India and the High Courts of the states have the power to declare such legislative or executive action as unconstitutional and void.