Darwin discusses morphology, including the importance of homologous structures.

Darwin discusses rudimentary organs, such as the wings of flightless birds and the rudiments of pelvis and leg bones found in some snakes.

In the final chapter of his Evolution the modern synthesis he defines evolutionary progress as " a raising of the upper level of biological efficiency, this being defined as increased control over and independence of the environment ," Evolution in action discusses evolutionary progress at length: " Natural selection plus time produces biological improvement ... ' Improvement ' is not yet a recognised technical term in biology ... however, living things are improved during evolution ... Darwin was not afraid to use the word for the results of natural selection in general ...

Darwin viewed the differences between human races as superficial ( he discusses them only in terms of skin color and hair type ).

* A Dog and the Mind of Newton – discusses Darwin and his faith ( adapted from Evolution by Carl Zimmer, ISBN 0-06-019906-7 )

The book is one of a series of long essays by respected contemporary Darwinian thinkers, which were published under the collective title Darwinism Today ; the series was inspired by a course of ' Darwin Seminars ' which took place at the LSE in London in the late 1990s.

The book is one of a series of long essays by respected contemporary Darwinian thinkers, which were published under the collective title Darwinism Today ; the series was inspired by a course of ' Darwin Seminars ' which took place at the London School of Economics ( LSE ) in the late 1990s.

Though Darwin's first book on evolution did not address the specific question of human evolution —" light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history ," was all Darwin wrote on the subject — the implications of evolutionary theory were clear to contemporary readers.

He studied at St John's College, Cambridge, where he was a contemporary and friend of Charles Darwin.

His contemporary, Charles Darwin called this book " one of the great monuments of science in the 19th century ".

In 1990, law professor Phillip E. Johnson set out his argument that the ground rules of science as presented at Edwards v. Aguillard unfairly disqualified creationist explanations by excluding the supernatural, and in 1991, he brought out a book entitled Darwin on Trial, challenging the principles of naturalism and uniformitarianism in contemporary scientific philosophy.

He was one of the few contemporary critics to be sympathetic to Darwin, although he was reluctant to show he was convinced of the theories.

In many ways Spencer's theory of " cosmic evolution " has much more in common with the works of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Auguste Comte than with contemporary works of Charles Darwin.

Alfred Russel Wallace, contemporary and colleague of Darwin, was first to propose a " geography " of animal species.

Turgot, Adam Ferguson, John Millar, and Thomas Malthus, and in the 19th and 20th centuries by Lewis Henry Morgan, Leslie White, and Charles Darwin and the many biological evolutionists following him, to propose a more contemporary ecological and evolutionary theory of societal development from the Stone Age to the present.

In many ways Spencer's theory of ' cosmic evolution ' has much more in common with the works of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Auguste Comte than with contemporary works of Charles Darwin.

Alternatives to such metaphysical and idealist opinions about conscience arose from realist and materialist perspectives such as those of Charles Darwin.

Darwin was deeply distressed by Wallace's change of heart, and much of the Descent of Man is in response to opinions put forth by Wallace.

Neither Galton nor Darwin, though, advocated any eugenic policies such as those undertaken in the early 20th century, as government coercion of any form was very much against their political opinions.

Darwin detailed these opinions in his The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals ( 1872 ), written with the active collaboration of the psychiatrist James Crichton-Browne.

Darwin's wife Emma Darwin expressed her expectation that their guest " will refrain from airing his very strong religious opinions " and invited their old friend the Revd.

Most unusually, Darwin sought out the opinions of some eminent psychiatrists in the preparation of the book and it is generally regarded as Darwin's main contribution to psychology. The Expression of the Emotions is also-like Alice's Adventures in Wonderland ( 1865 )-an important landmark in the history of book illustration.

Darwin had listened to a remarkable attack on Bell's opinions delivered by the phrenologist William A. F.

Lubbock took up a petition in the House of Commons stating that " it would be acceptable to a very large number of our countrymen of all classes and opinions that our illustrious countryman Mr. Darwin should be buried in Westminster Abbey.

The ship on which Charles Darwin made the voyage which provided much of the inspiration for On the Origin of Species was named HMS Beagle after the breed, and, in turn, lent its name to the ill-fated British Martian lander Beagle 2.

During Charles Darwin's studies on the Galápagos Islands, Darwin observed 13 species of finches that are closely related and differ most markedly in the shape of their beaks.

Lyell's interpretation of geologic change as the steady accumulation of minute changes over enormously long spans of time was a powerful influence on the young Charles Darwin.

Lyell asked Robert FitzRoy, captain of HMS Beagle, to search for erratic boulders on the survey voyage of the Beagle, and just before it set out FitzRoy gave Darwin Volume 1 of the first edition of Lyell's Principles.

On the return of the Beagle ( October 1836 ) Lyell invited Darwin to dinner and from then on they were close friends.

Lyell's data on stratigraphy were important because Darwin thought that populations of an organism changed slowly, requiring " geologic time ".

Situated on the Timor Sea, Darwin has a population of 127, 500, making it by far the largest and most populated city in the sparsely populated Northern Territory, but the least populous of all Australia's capital cities.

John Clements Wickham named the region " Port Darwin " in honour of their former shipmate Charles Darwin, who had sailed with them on the ship's previous voyage which had ended in October 1836.

The first British person to see Darwin harbour appears to have been Lieutenant John Lort Stokes of HMS Beagle on 9 September 1839.

The ship's captain, Commander John Clements Wickham, named the port after Charles Darwin, the British naturalist who had sailed with them both on the earlier second expedition of the Beagle.

It was the same fleet that had bombed Pearl Harbor, though a considerably larger number of bombs were dropped on Darwin than on Pearl Harbor.

They were the first of many raids on Darwin.

* 1831 – Charles Darwin embarks on his journey aboard the HMS Beagle, during which he will begin to formulate the theory of evolution.

The origin of the Darwin Awards can be traced back to posts on Usenet group discussions as early as 1985.

Another widely distributed early story mentioning the Darwin Awards is the JATO Rocket Car, which describes a man who strapped a JATO ( Jet-Assisted Take-Off ) unit to his Chevrolet Impala in the Arizona desert and who died gloriously on the side of a cliff as his car achieved speeds of 250 to 300 miles per hour.

In 2006, a comedy film, The Darwin Awards, was written and directed by Finn Taylor, that was based on the website and many of the Darwin Awards stories.

To avoid debates about the possibility of in-vitro fertilization, artificial insemination, or cloning, the original Darwin Awards book applied the following " deserted island " test to potential winners: If the person were unable to reproduce when stranded on a deserted island with a fertile member of the opposite sex, he or she would be considered sterile.

Most such stories on Northcutt's Darwin Awards site are filed in the Personal Accounts section.

During his time at the museum he produced numerous publications on bird taxonomy, and in 1942 his first book, Systematics and the Origin of Species, which completed the evolutionary synthesis started by Darwin.

Pages 35 – 46 in Darwin, Mars and Freud: Their influence on Moral Theory ( A L Caplan and B Jennings, Eds.

His works influenced Charles Darwin, who adopted Linnaeus ' phrase on the economy or polity of nature in The Origin of Species.

While Charles Darwin is mainly noted for his treatise on evolution, he was one of the founders of soil ecology, and he made note of the first ecological experiment in The Origin of Species.