With the spread of Christianity in Egypt, by the late 3rd century, knowledge of hieroglyphic writing was lost, as well as Demotic slightly later, making way for a writing system more closely associated with the Christian church.

In later Pahlavi papyri, up to half of the remaining graphic distinctions of these twelve letters were lost, and the script could no longer be read as a sequence of letters at all, but instead each word had to be learned as a whole — that is, they had become logograms as in Egyptian Demotic.

" As Middle Egyptian evolved into Late Egyptian, Demotic, and finally Coptic ( c. 600 BC ), dj-b-t became tobe " brick.

The word oasis comes into English via from, which in turn is a direct borrowing from Demotic Egyptian.

The word for oasis in the later attested Coptic language ( the descendant of Demotic Egyptian ) is wahe or ouahe which means a ' dwelling place '.

The Rosetta Stone is an ancient Egyptian granodiorite stele inscribed with a decree issued at Memphis in 196 BC on behalf of King Ptolemy V. The decree appears in three scripts: the upper text is Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, the middle portion Demotic script, and the lowest Ancient Greek.

Demotic Egyptian first appears about 650 BC and survived as a spoken language until the fifth century AD.

Coptic and Demotic Egyptian are grammatically closely akin to Late Egyptian, which was written in the Hieroglyphic script.

However, most words of Egyptian origin that entered into Greek, and subsequently into other European languages, came directly from ancient Egyptian ( often Demotic ).

Coptic therefore is a reference both to the most recent stage of Egyptian after Demotic, and to the new writing system that was adapted from the Greek alphabet.

Coptic uses a writing system almost wholly derived from the Greek alphabet, with the addition of a number of letters that have their origins in Demotic Egyptian.

The core lexicon of Coptic is Egyptian, being most closely related to the preceding Demotic phase of the language.

The discovery of the Rosetta Stone, a tablet written in ancient Greek, Egyptian Demotic script, and Egyptian hieroglyphs, has partially been credited for the recent stir in the study of Ancient Egypt.

The repertoire of glyphs is based on the Greek alphabet augmented by letters borrowed from the Egyptian Demotic and is the first alphabetic script used for the Egyptian language.

Coptic is largely based on the Greek alphabet, another help in interpreting older Egyptian texts, with 24 letters of Greek origin ; 6 or 7 more were retained from Demotic, depending on the dialect ( 6 in Sahidic, another each in Bohairic and Akhmimic ).

Terryl Givens has suggested that the characters are early examples of Egyptian symbols being used " to transliterate Hebrew words and vice versa ," that Demotic is a " reformed Egyptian ," and that the mixing of a Semitic language with modified Egyptian characters is demonstrated in inscriptions of ancient Syria and Palestine.

Other scholars worked on producing a hieroglyphic dictionary, developing a Demotic lexicon, and establishing an outline of ancient Egyptian history.

This type of writing was superseded by Demotic — a Lower Egyptian scribal tradition — during the 26th Dynasty when Demotic was established as a standard administrative script throughout a re-unified Egypt.

The Greek mystery religions had strongly magical components, and in Egypt, a large number of magical papyri, in Greek, Coptic, and Demotic, have been recovered.

Hundreds of these Elephantine papyri, written in hieratic and Demotic Egyptian, Aramaic, Greek, Latin and Coptic, span a period of 1000 years.

A cache of over 2, 000 Greek and Demotic letters and documents written on papyri by Zeno were discovered in the 1900s and are referred to as the Zenon Archive or Zenon Papyri.

This Demotic text, known from more than forty fragmentary copies, consists of a dialogue between a person called " The-one-who-loves-knowledge " and a figure that Jasnow and Zauzich identify as Thoth.

He also noticed that these characters resembled the equivalent ones in the Demotic script, and went on to note as many as 80 similarities between the hieroglyphic and demotic texts on the stone, an important discovery because the two scripts were previously thought to be entirely different from one another.

Some similarities between the Demotic texts and Platonic philosophy could be the result of Plato and his followers ' having drawn on Egyptian sources.

The standard form of Demotic which developed over the next few decades made more compromises with Katharevousa ( as is reflected in the contemporary standard ), and despite acrimony between the " psicharist " ( ψυχαρικοί ) radicals and the moderates, the radical strand was ultimately marginalised.

Another difference between Tsakonian and the common Demotic Greek dialect is its verb system-Tsakonian preserves different archaic forms, such as participial periphrasis for the present tense.

It is generally dated between 650 and 400 BC as most texts written in Early Demotic are dated to the 26th dynasty and the following Persian period ( the 27th dynasty ).

The Greek people spoke a form of Greek called Demotic.

At the time of the stone's discovery, the Swedish diplomat and scholar Johan David Åkerblad was working on a little-known script of which some examples had recently been found in Egypt, which came to be known as Demotic.

They could not, however, identify the remaining characters in the Demotic text, which, as is now known, included ideographic and other symbols alongside the phonetic ones.

In 2012, however, the University of Chicago published the first translation of the three languages with its Demotic dictionary .< Ref > http :// www. aljazeera. com / video / middleeast / 2012 / 09 / 2012918204348950439. html </ ref >

* 660 BC: First known use of the Demotic script.

* Demotic writing appeared in Ancient Egypt.

* Last known usage of Demotic script in Egypt.

Coptic is written using the Coptic alphabet, a modified form of the Greek alphabet with a number of symbols borrowed from Demotic for sounds that did not occur in Ancient Greek.

There are also traces of some archaic grammatical features, such as residues of the Demotic relative clause, lack of an indefinite article and possessive use of suffixes.

Marathon ( Demotic Greek: Μαραθώνας, Marathónas ; Attic / Katharevousa:, ) is a town in Greece, the site of the battle of Marathon in 490 BC, in which the heavily outnumbered Athenian army defeated the Persians.

And there are several non-biblical historically and archaeologically attested details that can only be found in Chronicles, including the account of the Egyptian Shistak's campaign in the late 10th century BCE ( 2 Chronicles 12: 2 – 4 ), and Hezekiah's preparing and safeguarding Jerusalem's water supply prior to the Assyrian attack in the late 8th century BCE ( 2 Chronicles 32: 2-4 ).

Contentious issues include Egypt's signing of the Camp David Accords with Israel in 1979, its support for Iraq in Iran's eight-year conflict, the Islamic Republic's hailing of Khalid Islambouli, the late President Anwar Sadat's assassin as a religious hero, seeing as there was both a street and mural named after him ( however, the honorer was changed to Muhammad al-Durrah, the 12-year-old Palestinian boy shot and killed during the outset of the Second Intifada ), and close Egyptian relations with the United States, and most of the Western European countries.

This is consistent with the theological treatment of some Greek, Roman, and Egyptian deities in the late classical period.

The Egyptian and Macedonian bishops who had supported Maximus's ordination arrived late for the Council.

The Egyptian and Macedonian bishops who had supported Maximus's ordination arrived late for the Council.

Ahmed Rami, a famous late Egyptian poet, translated the work into Arabic.

In late Egyptian mythology, Ra passes through Duat ( the underworld ) every night.

Bartholdi was in any event busy with other possible projects ; in the late 1860s, he approached Ismail Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, with a plan to build a huge lighthouse in the form of an ancient Egyptian female fellah or peasant, robed and holding a torch aloft, at the northern entrance to the Suez Canal in Port Said.

The 1970s saw an initial increase in violence in the Middle East as Egypt and Syria declared war on Israel, but in the late 1970s, the situation in the Middle East was fundamentally altered when Egypt signed the Egyptian – Israeli Peace Treaty.

The use of secret names became central in late Egyptian magic spells, and Isis often is implored to " use the true name of Ra " in the performance of rituals.

By the late Egyptian historical period, after the occupations by the Greeks and the Romans, Isis became the most important and most powerful deity of the Egyptian pantheon because of her magical skills.

By late 1948 part of the Egyptian forces from Bethlehem to Hebron had been cut off from their lines of supply and Glubb Pasha sent 350 Arab Legionnaires and an armoured car unit to Hebron to reinforce them there.

Egyptian was spoken until the late 17th century AD in the form of Coptic.

Under late Roman rule, Diocletian persecuted many Egyptian converts to the new Christian faith.

Horus is one of the oldest and most significant deities in ancient Egyptian religion, who was worshipped from at least the late Predynastic period through to Greco-Roman times.

Ancient Greek and Roman writers, who described Egyptian religion late in its history, recorded much of the Osiris myth.

* The late Egyptian King Ptolemy IV's clique of favourites, led by Sosibius, Ptolemy's chief minister, keeps Ptolemy's death a secret, fearing retribution from the new king Ptolemy V's mother, Queen Arsinoe III.

During the late period of Egyptian history a cult of Thoth gained prominence, due to its main centre, Khnum ( Hermopolis Magna ), also becoming the capital, and millions of dead ibis were mummified and buried in his honour.

* The Egyptian King Ptolemy II's first wife, Arsinoe I ( daughter of the late King Lysimachus of Thrace ) is accused, probably at instigation of Ptolemy II's sister ( who also has the name Arsinoe ), of plotting his murder and is exiled by the King.

A long established foreign corps in the Egyptian forces were the Medjay – a generic term given to tribal scouts and light infantry recruited from Nubia serving from the late period of the Old Kingdom through that of the New Kingdom.

According to the Book of Mormon, that scripture of the Latter Day Saint movement was originally written in reformed Egyptian characters on plates of " ore " by prophets living in the Western Hemisphere from perhaps as early as 2600 BC until as late as AD 421.

In the late 18th century, with Napoleon's scholars ' recording of Egyptian flora, fauna and history ( published as Description de l ' Egypte ), the study of many aspects of ancient Egypt became more scientifically oriented.

The Egyptian Islamic Jihad () ( EIJ ), formerly called simply Islamic Jihad ( and Liberation Army for Holy Sites ) originally referred to as " al-Jihad ," and then " the Jihad Group ", or " the Jihad Organization ", is an Egyptian Islamist group active since the late 1970s.