According to Duesberg, common diseases are easily misdiagnosed as AIDS in Africa because " the diagnosis of African AIDS is arbitrary " and does not include HIV testing.

The Duesberg hypothesis is the claim, associated with University of California, Berkeley professor Peter Duesberg, that various non-infectious factors such as recreational and pharmaceutical drug use are the cause of AIDS, and that HIV ( human immunodeficiency virus ) is merely a harmless passenger virus.

The scientific consensus is that the Duesberg hypothesis is incorrect, and that HIV is the cause of AIDS.

Duesberg argued in 1989 that a significant number of AIDS victims had died without proof of HIV infection.

Since AIDS is now defined partially by the presence of HIV, Duesberg claims it is impossible by definition to offer evidence that AIDS doesn't require HIV.

One of the reasons for using more HIV tests despite their expense is that, rather than overestimating AIDS as Duesberg suggests, the Bangui definition alone excluded nearly half of African AIDS patients.

Peter Duesberg argues that retroviruses like HIV must be harmless to survive: they do not kill cells and they do not cause cancer, he maintains.

The consensus in the scientific community is that the Duesberg hypothesis has been refuted by a large and growing mass of evidence showing that HIV causes AIDS, that the amount of virus in the blood correlates with disease progression, that a plausible mechanism for HIV's action has been proposed, and that anti-HIV medication decreases mortality and opportunistic infection in people with AIDS.

* the AIDS epidemic in Thailand cited by Duesberg as confirmation of his hypothesis is in fact evidence of the role of HIV in AIDS.

Duesberg claims as support for his idea that many drug-free HIV + people have not yet developed AIDS ; HIV / AIDS scientists note that many drug-free HIV + people have developed AIDS, and that, in the absence of medical treatment or rare genetic factors postulated to delay disease progression, it is very likely that nearly all HIV + people will eventually develop AIDS.

Mullis has drawn controversy for his association with prominent AIDS denialist Peter Duesberg, claiming that AIDS is an arbitrary diagnosis only used when HIV antibodies are found in a patient's blood.

In 1987 Peter Duesberg questioned the link between HIV and AIDS in the journal Cancer Research.

There is broad scientific consensus that HIV is the cause of AIDS, but some individuals reject this consensus, including biologist Peter Duesberg, biochemist David Rasnick, journalist / activist Celia Farber, conservative writer Tom Bethell, and intelligent design advocate Phillip E. Johnson.

The discredited Duesberg hypothesis posits that HIV is a passenger virus in the etiology of AIDS.

However, following an interaction with prominent AIDS denialist Peter Duesberg in 1994, she began to question whether HIV causes AIDS.

Duesberg argues that there is a statistical correlation between trends in recreational drug use and trends in AIDS cases.

According to the Duesberg hypothesis, AIDS is not found in Africa.

Consistent with this hypothesis, studies that report the highest rates of PCP in Africa are those that use the most advanced diagnostic methods " Duesberg also claims that Kaposi's Sarcoma is " exclusively diagnosed in male homosexual risk groups using nitrite inhalants and other psychoactive drugs as aphrodisiacs ", but the cancer is fairly common among heterosexuals in some parts of Africa, and is found in heterosexuals in the United States as well.

Because reported AIDS cases in Africa and other parts of the developing world include a larger proportion of people who do not belong to Duesberg's preferred risk groups of drug addicts and male homosexuals, Duesberg writes on his website that " There are no risk groups in Africa, like drug addicts and homosexuals ," However, many studies have addressed the issue of risk groups in Africa and concluded that the risk of AIDS is not equally distributed.

Duesberg claims that the supposedly innocuous nature of all retroviruses is supported by what he considers to be their normal mode of proliferation: infection from mother to child in utero.

" Duesberg elsewhere states that " the typical virus reproduces by entering a living cell and commandeering the cell's resources in order to make new virus particles, a process that ends with the disintegration of the dead cell ".

Duesberg rejects a role in cancer for numerous viruses, including leukemia viruses, Epstein-Barr Virus, Human Papilloma Virus, Hepatitis B, Feline Leukemia Virus, and Human T-lymphotropic virus.

On this key issue, Duesberg is, I believe, in error ," but " Duesberg has predicted, correctly, that the virus alone is not enough to explain all aspects of the immunodeficiency process.

Duesberg writes, " retroviruses do not kill cells because they depend on viable cells for the replication of their RNA from viral DNA integrated into cellular DNA.

Aristotle's method in the Poetics, then, does suggest that we should isolate the work.

What does the general business outlook suggest about the trend of long-term rates in 1961??

It does not treat in any detail operational and tactical matters, and does not suggest that the German armed forces have evolved a radically new operational method.

This does not, however, suggest that distributism favors a technological regression to a pre-Industrial Revolution lifestyle, but a more local ownership of factories and other industrial centers.

Though the nickname does not suggest anything particularly respectable about the king himself, its invective is not actually focused on the king but on those around him, who were expected to provide the young king with god ræd.

" This sentence is located randomly in the middle of a discussion of southern Italy ; no further mention of Britain is made, which has led some, though not all, modern academics to suggest that the rescript does not apply to Britain, but to Bruttium in Italy.

Counterarguments suggest that intelligent extraterrestrial life does not exist or occurs so rarely or briefly that humans will never make contact with it.

While Conrad ’ s materialism does not prove him an optimist, as he believed, or a pessimist, as a surface reading of his book may suggest, it provides an important filter through which one may discern his world view.

Fewer historians try to tackle all of the various historiographies relevant to a broader interpretive or analytic synthesis, and some suggest that a post-modern perspectives does not allow any real synthesis.

Comparisons between hypnotised and non-hypnotised subjects suggest that if a " hypnotic trance " does exist it only accounts for a small proportion of the effects attributed to hypnotic suggestion, most of which can be replicated without hypnotic induction.

Critics suggest that ICANN should not be allowed to impose business rules on market participants, and that all TLDs should be added on a first-come-first-served basis and the market should be the arbiter of who succeeds and who does not.

Current evidence does suggest possible evolutionary lineages for the origins of the anatomical features of the eye.

The importance of cattle does not suggest Koreans ate an abundance of beef, however, as the cattle were valued as beasts of burden and slaughtering one would create dire issues in farming the land.

This form of question does not suggest to the witness the answer the examiner hopes to elicit.

In Juggler of Worlds, the Puppeteers, attempting to surmise how this was done without antimatter, identify another technique which can be used to destroy the otherwise invulnerable hulls, one which does suggest some potential defense options.

The authors also suggest that communication can be viewed as a machine: “ Communication is not what one does with the machine, but is the machine itself .” ( Johnson, Lakoff, 1980 ).

The findings from this study suggest that stable opioid use does not significantly impair abilities inherent in driving ( this includes physical, cognitive and perceptual skills ).

Some commentators and scholars suggest that it means Nazareth was very small and unimportant, but the question does not speak of Nazareth ’ s size but of its goodness.

This model does not suggest that once you have a conditioned feared response to an object or situation you have a phobia.

Bayesian methods would suggest that one hypothesis was more probable than the other, but individual Bayesians might differ about which was the more probable and by how much, by virtue of having used different priors ; but that's the same thing as disagreeing on significance levels, except significance levels are just an ad hoc device which are not really a probability, while priors are not only justified by the rules of probability, but there is definitely a normative methodology to define beliefs ; so even if a Bayesian wanted to express complete ignorance ( as a frequentist claims to do but does it wrong ), they could do it with the maximum entropy principle.

This basic theory does not suggest that efficiency will vary with hydraulic head, and further theory is required to show this.

Like the " dimension of image " characterization this can be generalized to a definition of the rank of a linear map: the rank of a linear map f from V → W is the minimal dimension k of an intermediate space X such that f can be written as the composition of a map V → X and a map X → W. While this definition does not suggest an efficient manner to compute the rank ( for which it is better to use one of the alternative definitions ), it does allow to easily understand many of the properties of the rank, for instance that the rank of the transpose of A is the same as that of A.