During the First and Second World Wars, Inchcolm was occupied by the army as part of the defences of the Firth of Forth.

During the first and second World Wars, several battleships and aircraft carriers were built with a " clipper bow " for improved hydrodynamic efficiency.

During the Napoleonic Wars, Russia — supported by Great Britain in the Dardanelles Operation — blockaded the straits in 1807.

During the Napoleonic Wars, dragoons generally assumed a cavalry role, though remaining a lighter class of mounted troops than the armored cuirassiers.

During the Napoleonic Wars, Freikorps were formed for the purpose of shaking off French rule in Germany.

During the Civil Wars that led to the Principate, Octavian ( later Augustus ) acquired the personal gladiator troop of his erstwhile opponent, Mark Antony.

During the Greco-Persian Wars ( 499 – 448 BC ), alliances between groups of cities ( whose composition varied over time ) fought against the Persians.

During the course of these " Bishops ' Wars " Charles tried to raise an army of Irish Catholics, but was forced to back down after a storm of protest in Scotland and England.

During the Middle Ages, Muslims were in conflict with Zoroastrians during the Islamic conquest of Persia ; Christians were in conflict with Muslims during the Byzantine-Arab Wars, Crusades, Reconquista and Ottoman wars in Europe ; Christians were in conflict with Muslims during the Crusades, Reconquista and Inquisition ; Shamans were in conflict with Buddhists, Taoists, Muslims and Christians during the Mongol invasions ; and Muslims were in conflict with Hindus and Sikhs during Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent.

During the Wars of the Roses two battles were fought in and around St Albans.

During the Yugoslav Wars, nearly every single nation that had ties with Serbia, had broken off diplomacy for the wars in Yugoslavia, and the rule of Slobodan Milošević.

During this period between the two World Wars France and Germany worked to help develop the country in both the technical and educational spheres.

During the Napoleonic Wars the regiment saw action in the Peninsular War.

During the 1990s, Charles Taylor's presidency and the First and Second Liberian Civil Wars underscored Liberian relations with the Western world, the People's Republic of China, and its neighboring countries in Western Africa.

During the Napoleonic Wars, the city's status changed.

During the Napoleonic Wars ( 1800 – 1815 ), Malta's economy prospered and became the focal point of a major trading system.

During the nineteenth century, American militia saw action in the various Indian Wars and the War of 1812, the American Civil War and the Spanish-American War.

During the Napoleonic Wars ( 1802 – 1814 ), Parma was part of the Taro Département.

During the Wars of Castro, Taddeo was also appointed Commander of the Papal Army.

During the " War of the Holy League " and the " Italian Wars ", alliances and participants changed dramatically.

During the Napoleonic Wars the British army created several experimental units known as " Rifles ", armed with the Baker rifle.

During the Punic Wars between Rome and the great Mediterranean empire of Carthage, Rome's stature increased further as it became the capital of an overseas empire for the first time.

During the First ( 1994 – 1996 ) and Second Chechen Wars ( 1999 – 2009 ), Chechen rebels used RPGs to attack Russian tanks from basements and high rooftops.

During the Yugoslav Wars ( 1991-1995 ), RPGs were used by all sides with great effect.

During the Napoleonic Wars, fearing that French control of the Netherlands might deliver Sri Lanka to the French, Great Britain occupied the coastal areas of the island ( which they called Ceylon ) with little difficulty in 1796.

During the Scottish Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution, Scotland became one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe.

During the first 80 years the French and Acadians were in Nova Scotia, there were nine significant battles as the English and Scottish ( later British ), Dutch and French fought for possession of the colony.

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the shorter smallsword became an essential fashion accessory in European countries and the New World, though in some places such as the Scottish Highlands large swords as the basket-hilted broadsword were preferred, and most wealthy men and military officers carried one slung from a belt.

During the reign of Rama III ( 1824 – 1851 ,) a Scottish trader had experimental coins struck in England at the king's behest, Though not adopted for use, the name of the country put on these first coins was Muang Thai, not Siam.

During the journey to Scotland in 1580 and during his second stay there he was organizing transports of Scottish youths to be trained in Polish schools.

During the 1990s, various American and Scottish publishers ( most notably Rebel Inc .) reissued his originally pseudonymous Olympia Press novels and a retrospective of his articles for Merlin and others, A Life in Pieces ( 1997 ), was issued in response to revived interest in his life and work by a younger generation.

During the Scottish Reformation, the abbey church was sacked in March 1560.

During the 15th century, the abbey guesthouse was developed into a royal residence, and after the Scottish Reformation the Palace of Holyroodhouse was expanded further.

During the negotiations, Edward stayed briefly at Edinburgh Castle, and may have received homage from Scottish nobles at the castle.

During the 19th century, several schemes were put forward for rebuilding the whole castle as a Scottish Baronial style château.

During the reign of Louis XV there were also an Irish Scottish ( Garde Écossaise ), a Swedish ( Royal-Suédois ), an Italian ( Royal-Italien ) and a Walloon ( Horion-Liegeois ) regiments recruited outside the borders of France.

During the 16th century Scottish immigrants began to come in large numbers ( Dun, Huyson, and Nikielson ).

During the era of Romanticism, when knowledge of Celtic culture was overlaid by legends and fictions, the word was reintroduced into the West Germanic languages, this time directly into the English language, in the sense of ' lyric poet ', idealised by writers such as the Scottish romantic novelist Sir Walter Scott.

During the Ancien Régime, French baronies were very much like Scottish ones.

During the Second World War, Scottish Aviation was involved in aircraft fitting for the war effort.

During this siege, the famed Scottish captain of the Royal Navy Thomas Cochrane assisted the Spanish by putting his men into Castell de la Trinitat to help defend the town.

During one voyage in 1830 he was wrecked on the Scottish coast near Leith, as a result of which he came into contact with Edinburgh architect James Gillespie Graham, who advised him to abandon seafaring for architecture.

During the first 80 years the French and Acadians were in Acadia, there were ten significant battles as the English, Scottish, Dutch and French fought for possession of the colony.

During this operation it was widely reported that the Catholic forces killed many of the Swedish and Scottish soldiers while they were surrendering.

During the Wars of Scottish Independence the Clan Ross fought against the English at the Battle of Dunbar ( 1296 ) where their chief, the Earl of Ross was captured.

During the Civil War at the Battle of Carbisdale the Clan Ross and Clan Munro fought on the side of the Scottish Government, then led by the Duke of Argyll.

During the war of Scottish Independence the English army took over the old castle at Sanquhar.

During his time with Dundee and Arsenal, Ure also made 11 appearances for the Scottish national team.

During the English Civil War, the city of York was under siege from Scottish and Parliamentarian Armies.