During the pontificate of Pius IX a strong Ultramontane movement arose against the French Breviaries of 1680 and 1736.

During the pontificate of Pope Paul III the Council fathers met for the first through eighth sessions in Trent ( 1545 – 7 ), and for the ninth through eleventh sessions in Bologna ( 1547 ).

During his short pontificate he played the part of a peacemaker ; he came to terms with the Emperor Frederick I in the vexing question of the appointment to the See of Magdeburg and closed the long quarrel, which had raged through four pontificates, about the appointment of William Fitzherbert ( commonly known as Saint William of York ) to the see of York by sending him the pallium in spite of the continued opposition of the powerful Cistercian order.

During the pontificate of Honorius, many of the tertiary orders first came into existence.

During his pontificate he largely continued to pursue the pro-French political policy of his predecessor, Pope Martin IV.

During the first few months of his pontificate he lived in the Vatican, but in the autumn of 1285 he removed to the magnificent palace he had just erected on the Aventine.

During his pontificate, in October 312, Constantine defeated Maxentius and assumed control over Rome.

During the pontificate of Boniface, Mellitus, the first Bishop of London, went to Rome " to consult the pope on important matters relative to the newly established English Church ".

During his pontificate, he added a new chapel to the Papal Palace and dedicated it to St. Peter.

During the previous pontificate the Jesuits had been expelled from Portugal and from all the Bourbon courts: France, Spain, Naples, and Parma ; now the general suppression of the order was urged by the faction called the " court cardinals ", who were opposed by the diminished pro-Jesuit faction, the Zelanti (" zealous "), who were generally opposed to the encroaching secularism of the Enlightenment.

During the pontificate of Pope Constantine Gregory was made a papal secretary, and accompanied him to Constantinople in 711 to deal with the issues raised by Rome ’ s rejection of the canons of the Quinisext Council.

During his pontificate vigorous measures were taken against the heresies which had broken out in Germany, England, and other parts of Europe ; a sincere effort was also made to cause a reformation in the various monastic orders.

During his pontificate, Gregory fostered cultural patronages associated with his papacy.

During the pontificate of Pope Zachary, he was ordained a priest, after which the pope decided to keep him to work at the Lateran Palace.

During his pontificate Rome was ravaged, and the churches of St. Peter and St. Paul were sacked by Saracens, who also assaulted Porto and Ostia in August 846.

He was ordained as a subdeacon by Pope Marinus I, followed by his being raised to the deaconate by Pope Stephen V. During the pontificate of Pope Formosus ( 891 – 896 ), he was a member of the party of nobles who supported the Emperor Lambert, who was the opponent of Formosus and the pope ’ s preferred imperial candidate, Arnulf of Carinthia.

During his pontificate, the Byzantine emperor John V Palaeologus offered to submit the Greek church to the Roman See on condition of assistance against John VI Cantacuzenus.

During his pontificate, Catholicism was provisionally restored in England under Queen Mary in 1553.

During nearly the whole of his pontificate, Eugene III was unable to reside in Rome.

During his brief pontificate, Leo granted the canons of Bologna a special papal bull ( epistola tuitionis ) where he exempted them from the payment of taxes.

During his brief pontificate, Leo confirmed the decisions of the Synod of Split.

During the pontificate of his political enemy Gregory XIII ( 1572 – 85 ,) Cardinal Montalto, as he was generally called, lived in enforced retirement, occupied with the care of his property, the Villa Montalto, erected by Domenico Fontana close to his beloved church on the Esquiline Hill, overlooking the Baths of Diocletian.

During the 17-year pontificate of Zephyrinus, the young Church endured severe persecution under the Emperor Severus until his death in the year 211.

During his pontificate the schism of Hippolytus of Rome came to an end.

During his pontificate, anti-Christian measures increased, although new churches were built and cemeteries were expanded.

During the reign of Donus, a colony of Nestorian monks was discovered in a Syrian monastery at Rome — the Monasterium Boetianum.

:" During his journey he seized the opportunity to make a detour to Birka, which is now reduced to loneliness so that one can hardly find vestiges of the city ; therefore impossible to come upon the tomb of the holy Archbishop Unni.

During his time as Archbishop he adamantly refused to host lavish social gatherings, which made him popular with the common people, but unpopular with wealthy citizens and the clergy.

During Cranmer's tenure as Archbishop of Canterbury, he was responsible for establishing the first doctrinal and liturgical structures of the reformed Church of England.

During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England, Archbishop Matthew Parker saw the Conquest as having corrupted a purer English Church, which Parker attempted to restore.

During much of Brewster's tenure ( 1595 – 1606 ), the Archbishop was Matthew Hutton.

During the Middle Ages, Turku was the seat of the Bishop of Turku ( a title later upgraded to Archbishop of Turku ), covering the then eastern half of the Kingdom of Sweden ( most of the present-day Finland ) until the 17th century.

During the 16th century, mostly two musical groups-both based in Kraków and belonging to the King and Archbishop of Wawel-led the rapid innovation of Polish music.

During this period, the city is again linked to the political choices, to Milan in 1221 that supports Monza, where the mayor had been excommunicated by the Archbishop of Milan, Enrico from Settala.

During the reforms of Archbishop St. Dunstan ( c909-988 ), a Benedictine abbey named Christ Church Priory was added to the cathedral.

During the Salvadoran civil war, death squads achieved notoriety when a sniper assassinated Archbishop Óscar Romero during Mass in March 1980.

During the Salvadoran civil war, death squads ( known in Spanish by the name of Escuadrón de la Muerte, " Squadron of Death ") achieved notoriety when far-right vigilantes assassinated Archbishop Óscar Romero for his social activism in March 1980.

During the 1984 presidential race, when Geraldine Ferraro, who was a Roman Catholic, was the Democratic vice presidential candidate, Law and then Archbishop of New York John Joseph O ' Connor both denounced her support of abortion rights for women.

During his time as Archbishop he continued to oppose abortion.

During Corpus Christi Mass 1875 in the Frauenkirche in Munich, there was a sensational incident, when Otto – who had not attended the church service – stormed into the church wearing hunting clothes and fell on his knees before the celebrant, Archbishop Gregor von Scherr, to ask forgiveness for his sins.

During one meeting he befriended William Brewster, bailiff and postmaster for the Archbishop of York.

During 1913 the WSPU directly targeted The Bishop of Winchester, Edward Talbot, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Randall Davidson, the Bishop of London, Arthur Winnington-Ingram, the Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, and the Bishops of Croydon, Lewes, Islington and Stepney.

During its first years in Moraga, the college nearly went bankrupt, but eventually managed to gain financial security when it was bought by Archbishop John Joseph Mitty, for whom a residence hall is now named.

During the 1950s, Makarios embraced his dual role as Archbishop and Ethnarch with enthusiasm and became a very popular figure among Greek Cypriots.

During this papacy, a serious dispute arose over the deposition in 991 of Arnulf, Archbishop of Reims, by French churchmen, the Pope's interference leading at first to no definite result.

During the Tudor and Stuart periods, the Stationers were legally empowered to seize " offending books " that violated the standards of content set by the Church and State ; its officers could bring " offenders " before ecclesiastical authorities, including the Bishop of London and Archbishop of Canterbury.

During a training exercise in World War II, the future Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie MC crashed his tank into a house.

During the 1990 National Conference, which was nationally televised, Kérékou spoke to the Archbishop of Cotonou, Isidor de Souza, confessing guilt and begging forgiveness for the flaws of his regime.

During his captivity his brother Hugh of Lusignan, Archbishop of Nicosia, took charge of Cyprus.

During the coronation, the Monarch holds the Sceptre with the Cross in the right hand and the Sceptre with the Dove in the left while the Archbishop of Canterbury places St Edward's Crown on his or her head.