Opium is mentioned in the most important medical texts of the ancient world, including the Ebers Papyrus and the writings of Dioscorides, Galen, and Avicenna.

The Ebers Papyrus, ca.

These documents provide important information on ancient writings ; they give us the only extant copy of Menander, the Egyptian Book of the Dead, Egyptian treatises on medicine ( the Ebers Papyrus ) and on surgery ( the Edwin Smith papyrus ), Egyptian mathematical treatises ( the Rhind papyrus ), and Egyptian folk tales ( the Westcar papyrus ).

The procedures were documented on papyrus and were the first to describe patient case files ; the Edwin Smith Papyrus ( held in the New York Academy of Medicine ) documents surgical procedures based on anatomy and physiology, while the Ebers Papyrus describes healing based on magic.

The earliest known writings on the circulatory system are found in the Ebers Papyrus ( 16th century BCE ), an ancient Egyptian medical papyrus containing over 700 prescriptions and remedies, both physical and spiritual.

Egyptians called it sesemt, and it is included in the list of medicinal drugs in the scrolls of the Ebers Papyrus dated to be over 3600 years old.

The 110-page Ebers Papyrus, an Egyptian medical papyrus which dates to roughly 1550 BC, also makes reference to the tracheotomy.

1550 BCE, named for him ( see Ebers Papyrus ) at Luxor ( Thebes ) in the winter of 1873 – 74.

Now in the Library of the University of Leipzig, the Ebers Papyrus is among the most important ancient Egyptian medical papyri.

In 1874 he edited the celebrated medical papyrus ( Papyrus Ebers ) which he had discovered in Thebes ( translation by H. Joachim, 1890 ).

This negative view of Papyrus Ebers is exemplified in a statement by Professor Jürgen von Beckerath who is of the opinion that " The calendar on the verso of the Ebers Medical Papyrus is by now so disputed that we must ask ourselves whether we really possess a sure basis for the chronology of this period of Egyptian history which is, after all, of the greatest importance for fixing the sequence of historical events, as well as for neighbouring countries ".

Having questioned the value of the Ebers Papyrus, Rohl argues that, since the lunar cycle repeats itself every twenty-five years, it is only useful for fine tuning a chronology and could equally apply to dates 300 years later as in the New Chronology.

Pre-dating the Indian Sushruta samhita medical compendium is the Ebers Papyrus ( ca.

Ancient Egyptian pharmacological knowledge was recorded in various papyri such as the Ebers Papyrus of 1550 BC, and the Edwin Smith Papyrus of the 16th century BC.

The antiquity of these tools is well documented in early literature, such as the Egyptian Ebers Papyrus of ~ 1550 BCE ( the oldest preserved piece of medical literature ) and the Old Testament ( Numbers 11: 8 and Proverbs 27: 22 ).

The Ebers Papyrus ( c. 1550 BCE ) from Ancient Egypt

The Ebers Papyrus, also known as Papyrus Ebers, is an Egyptian medical papyrus dating to c. 1550 BCE.

Its symptoms and treatment are described in the Egyptian Ebers papyrus, the oldest existing medical text, written before the 16th century BCE.

Ebers medical papyrus, giving treatment for cancer

Ebers Papyrus treatment for asthma: a mixture of herb s heated on a brick so that the sufferer could inhale their fumes.

This is nearly the same treatment that is noted in the famous ancient Egyptian medical text, the Ebers papyrus from 1550 BC Some people have said that extracting a Guinea worm feels like the afflicted area is on fire.

The Ebers papyrus also provides our earliest possible documentation of ancient awareness of tumors, but ancient medical terminology being badly understood, cases Ebers 546 and 547 for instance may refer to simple swellings.

However, to accurately and reliably design production BJT circuits, the voltage-control ( for example, Ebers – Moll ) model is required.

The voltage-control model requires an exponential function to be taken into account, but when it is linearized such that the transistor can be modelled as a transconductance, as in the Ebers – Moll model, design for circuits such as differential amplifiers again becomes a mostly linear problem, so the voltage-control view is often preferred.

* Rohl also asserts that the record in the Ebers papyrus of the rising of Sirius in the ninth regnal year of Amenhotep I, which is used in conventional chronology to fix that year to either 1542 BC or 1517 BC, has been misread, and instead should be understood as evidence for a reform in the Egyptian calendar.

The Ebers Papyrus is written in hieratic Egyptian writing and preserves for us the most voluminous record of ancient Egyptian medicine known.

The Ebers papyrus, which is the main source for information on ancient Egyptian medicine, seems to date to this time ( the mention of the Heliacal rise of Sothis by which the early New Kingdom chronology is usually calculated was found on the back of this document ).

Ebers sublet the theatre to Giambattista Benelli in 1824, and Rossini was invited to conduct, remaining for a five-month season, with his wife Isabella Colbran performing.

Ebers engaged Giuditta Pasta for the 1825 season, but he became involved in lawsuits which, combined with a large increase in the rent of the theatre, forced him into bankruptcy, after which he returned to his bookselling business.

The Papyrus Ebers from ancient Egypt, written around 1500 B. C., contain a collection of more than 800 prescriptions, or ancient recipes for the apothecaries of the time.

Its usage for this purpose is documented in ancient times ; for example, the following recipe was found in the Ebers medical papyrus in Egypt, dated to about 1550 BCE:

Sze received the J J Ebers Award in 1991 for his work in electron devices.

While other papyri, such as the Ebers Papyrus and London Medical Papyrus, are medical texts based in magic, the Edwin Smith Papyrus presents a rational and scientific approach to medicine in Ancient Egypt, in which medicine and magic do not conflict.

John Ebers, a bookseller, took over the management of the theatre in 1821, and seven more London premieres of Rossini operas ( La gazza ladra, Il turco in Italia, Mosè in Egitto, Otello, La donna del lago, Matilde di Shabran and Ricciardo e Zoraide ) took place there in the following three years.

For example, the Medical Papyrus of Berlin ( ramesside era ) discusses several methods of treatment and therapies for a number of different diseases.

The Edwin Smith Papyrus documents ancient Egyptian medicine, including the diagnosis and treatment of injuries.

The Edwin Smith Papyrus is a textbook on surgery and details anatomical observations and the " examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis " of numerous ailments.

* Papyrus Platform – The ISIS Papyrus Platform uses BerkeleyDB for its distributed object-relational transaction kernel for adaptive content and process management in enterprise applications

For each subsequent century, more and more manuscripts survive that contain a portion or all of the books that were held to be part of the New Testament at that time ( for example, the New Testament of the 4th-century Codex Sinaiticus, once a complete Bible, contains the Epistle of Barnabas and the Shepherd of Hermas ), though occasionally these manuscripts contain other works as well ( e. g., Papyrus 72 and the Crosby-Schøyen Codex ).

* Short for Oxyrhynchus Papyrus

* Yale Papyrus Collection — numbers over six thousand inventoried items and is cataloged, digitally scanned, and accessible online for close study.

In the text of Papyrus Bologna, the harried Pra ' em-hab laments undue taxation for his own temple ( The House of Seth ) and goes on to lament that he is also saddled with responsibility for: " the ship, and I am likewise also responsible for the House of Nephthys, along with the remaining heap of district temples ".

Papyrus were aware that there would be difficulties for the novice even before the simulator was released.

It has also been demonstrated through the Great Harris Papyrus, which states that a statue of the goddess was made alongside those of Ptah and their son, the god Nefertem, during the reign of Rameses III, and that it was commissioned for the gods of Memphis at the heart of the great temple.

One ancient Egyptian myth preserved in the Papyrus Westcar recounts the story of Isis, Nephthys, Meskhenet, and Heqet as traveling dancers in disguise, assisting the wife of a priest of Amun-Re as she prepares to bring forth sons who are destined for fame and fortune.

To be certain, the House of Nephthys was one of fifty individual, land-owning temples delineated for this portion of the Middle Egyptian district in Papyrus Wilbour.

One aspect of ancient Egyptian funerary literature which often is mistaken for a codified ethic of Maat is Spell ( Chapter ) 125 of the Book of the Dead or Papyrus of Ani ( known to the ancient Egyptians as The Book of Going Forth by Day ).

Papyrus swamps provide hypoxic and structural refugia for cichlids from the large predatory Nile Perch and are an important habitat for several endangered bird species.

Another argument made for the late dating of Thomas is based upon the fact that Saying 5 in the original Greek ( Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 654 ) seems to follow the vocabulary used in the gospel according to Luke (), and not the vocabulary used in the gospel according to Mark ().

The Egyptian Rhind papyrus of 1800BC gives the area of a circle as ( 64 / 81 ) < sup > 2 </ sup >, where is the diameter of the circle, and pi approximated to 256 / 81, a number that appears in the older Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, and used for volume approximations ( i. e. hekat ( volume unit )).

Since conventional Egyptology dated the Ipuwer Papyrus much earlier than either the Biblical date for the Exodus ( ca.