* Edinburgh Festival is an internationally famous arts festival that takes place during August

Northumbria once stretched as far north as what is now southeast Scotland, including Edinburgh, and as far south as the Humber Estuary.

It is on the north shore of the Firth of Forth, looking south to the island of Inchcolm and its Abbey, and to Leith and Edinburgh beyond.

When AA was ported to the English Electric KDF9 computer, the character set was changed to ISO and that compiler has been recovered from an old paper tape by the Edinburgh Computer History Project and is available online, as is a high-quality scan of the original Edinburgh version of the Atlas Autocode manual.

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, is currently the only living holder of the rank of Field Marshal in the Australian Army.

The home of the modern game is still Scotland with the World Bowls centre in Edinburgh at Caledonia House, 1 Redheughs Rigg, South Gyle, Edinburgh, EH12 9DQ.

Eastern bongo at Edinburgh Zoo An international studbook is maintained to help manage animals held in captivity.

In Scotland the only one which has survived the convulsions of the 16th century is Aberdeen Breviary, a Scottish form of the Sarum Office ( the Sarum Rite was much favoured in Scotland as a kind of protest against the jurisdiction claimed by the diocese of York ), revised by William Elphinstone ( bishop 1483 – 1514 ), and printed at Edinburgh by Walter Chapman and Andrew Myllar in 1509 – 1510.

His 2008 Edinburgh Festival Fringe show, The Headmaster's Son is based on his time at The Kings of Wessex School, where his father Keith was the headmaster.

In Scotland is situated the Edinburgh Croquet Club.

In 1768, he settled in Edinburgh ; he lived from 1771 until his death in 1776 at the south-west corner of St. Andrew's Square, in Edinburgh's New Town, at what is now 21 Saint David Street.

* 1958 – Subscriber Trunk Dialling ( STD ) is inaugurated in the UK by Queen Elizabeth II when she speaks to the Lord Provost in a call from Bristol to Edinburgh.

In addition, the city is home to a large number of independent, fee-paying schools including Edinburgh Academy, Fettes College, George Heriot's School, George Watson's College, Merchiston Castle School, Stewart's Melville College and The Mary Erskine School.

The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh is the main public hospital for the city.

The Royal Infirmary is the main Accident & Emergency hospital not just for Edinburgh but also Midlothian and East Lothian, and is the headquarters of NHS Lothian, making it a centric focus for Edinburgh and its hinterland.

The Royal Edinburgh Hospital specialises in mental health ; it is situated in Morningside.

Culturally, Edinburgh is best known for the Edinburgh Festival, which is a series of separate events running from the end of July until early September each year.

His bands have included Watt 4 ( 1980 ), in which he played keyboards and provided voice, Craig Charles and the Beat Burglars ( 1989 ), The Sons of Gordon Gekko ( 1989 ), where he wrote lyrics and also composed tunes for the band, and The Eye ( 2000 – 01 ), with whom he released the rock album " Giving You The Eye, Live at the Edinburgh Festival ".

Like Edinburgh IMP it allows embedded assembler, and also offers good run-time checking and diagnostics.

The Scottish Agricultural College also has a campus in south Edinburgh.

Alongside these major festivals, there is also the Edinburgh Art Festival, Edinburgh International Film Festival ( moved to June from 2008 ), the Edinburgh Jazz and Blues Festival, and the Edinburgh International Book Festival.

As well as the various summer festivals there is also the Edinburgh International Science Festival.

Edinburgh is also home to a flourishing group of contemporary composers such as Nigel Osborne, Peter Nelson, Lyell Cresswell, Hafliði Hallgrímsson, Edward Harper, Robert Crawford, Robert Dow and John McLeod whose music is heard regularly on BBC Radio 3 and throughout the UK.

The Herald, which is published in Glasgow, also covers Edinburgh.

Capital Radio Scotland and Real Radio Scotland also have transmitters in Edinburgh.

Edinburgh has also become associated with the crime novels of Ian Rankin, and the work of Irvine Welsh, whose novels are mostly set in the city and are often written in colloquial Scots.

Edinburgh is also home to the international best-selling author Alexander McCall Smith.

Edinburgh also has substantial retail developments outside the city centre.

Edinburgh was also home to senior sides St Bernard's, and Leith Athletic.

Edinburgh has also hosted various national and international sports events including the World Student Games, the 1970 British Commonwealth Games, the 1986 Commonwealth Games and the inaugural 2000 Commonwealth Youth Games.

In 1560 Marie de Guise died, and soon after the Auld Alliance also died, with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh, which provided for the removal of French and English troops from Scotland.

The A7 Edinburgh to Carlisle road passes through the town, with main roads also leading to Berwick upon Tweed ( the A698 ) and Newcastle upon Tyne ( the A6088, which joins the A68 at the Carter Bar, south-east of Hawick ).

There were also regional networks centred on Bristol, Edinburgh and Newcastle, where groups of institutions had pooled resources to provide better computing facilities than could be afforded individually.

Gordon continued her on-stage acting career in the 1950s, and was nominated for a 1956 Tony, for Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play, for her portrayal of Dolly Levi in Thornton Wilder's The Matchmaker, a role she also played in London, Edinburgh and Berlin.

In Edinburgh also, the Scottish National Portrait Gallery has statues of Bruce and Wallace in niches flanking the main entrance.

The Aberdour obelisk was built by Lord Morton on his departure from the village to relocate to a large home in Edinburgh, it was built so he could see his former hometown from his new house when he looked through binoculars-it stands in a cowfield between the castle and the beach.

They stayed at Edinburgh, and at Taymouth Castle in Perthshire, the home of the Marquess of Breadalbane.

The school was established in 1818, structured after the University of Edinburgh, which was located near Ramsay's home in Scotland.

Edinburgh has been home to the actor Sir Sean Connery, famed as the first cinematic James Bond ; Ronnie Corbett, a comedian and actor, best known as one of The Two Ronnies ;, actor Brian Cox and Dylan Moran, the Irish comedian.

Edinburgh is the home town of the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Tony Blair, who was born in the city and attended Fettes College ; Robin Harper the co-convener of the Scottish Green Party ; and John Witherspoon, the only clergyman to sign the United States Declaration of Independence, and later president of Princeton University.

Murrayfield Stadium in Edinburgh, the home of Scottish rugby union.

Scott's home from the age of 4 to 26 in George Square, Edinburgh

Around the end of the fifteenth century, King James IV ( ruled 1488 – 1513 ) built Holyroodhouse, by the abbey, for his principal Edinburgh residence, and the castle's role as a royal home subsequently declined.

Born in Edinburgh, but raised in his mother, Nora Dalyell's family home, The Binns, near Linlithgow, West Lothian ; his father ( Percy ) Gordon Loch, C. I. E., was an Empire civil servant ( Political Agent ) and a scion of the Loch family.

Edinburgh is the home of Camp Atterbury, a National Guard training facility.

Surveying was done by Stephen W. B. Carnegy, an attorney from Canton, Missouri ; “ Edina ” was a reference to his home ( taken from Scottish poet Robert Burns ’ " Address to Edinburgh ").

The town dates back to approximately AD 600, and over the centuries has thrived as an agricultural centre ; as the location of Alnwick Castle and home of what were in mediaeval times the most powerful northern barons, the Earls of Northumberland ; as a staging post on the Great North Road between Edinburgh and London, and latterly as a modern rural centre cum dormitory town.

What bolsters Leith's claim to being " the home of golf " is the fact that the official rules of golf, initially formulated at Leith in 1744 by the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, were later adopted by St Andrews.

Easter Road is a football stadium located in the Leith area of Edinburgh, Scotland, which is the home ground of Scottish Premier League club Hibernian ( Hibs ).

The venue has also been used to stage international matches, Scottish League Cup semi-finals and was briefly the home ground of the Edinburgh professional rugby union team.

Team managers Terry Butcher and Gus MacPherson have objected to playing semi-finals at Easter Road, on the grounds that their players should have the chance to play at Hampden Park, or that playing against Hearts in Edinburgh gives them a form of home advantage.

Organised and funded by The Japan Sherlock Holmes Club, the building, which was his home for his final decades, is now the Japanese Consulate in Edinburgh.