His bands have included Watt 4 ( 1980 ), in which he played keyboards and provided voice, Craig Charles and the Beat Burglars ( 1989 ), The Sons of Gordon Gekko ( 1989 ), where he wrote lyrics and also composed tunes for the band, and The Eye ( 2000 – 01 ), with whom he released the rock album " Giving You The Eye, Live at the Edinburgh Festival ".

Like Edinburgh IMP it allows embedded assembler, and also offers good run-time checking and diagnostics.

The Scottish Agricultural College also has a campus in south Edinburgh.

The Royal Infirmary is the main Accident & Emergency hospital not just for Edinburgh but also Midlothian and East Lothian, and is the headquarters of NHS Lothian, making it a centric focus for Edinburgh and its hinterland.

Alongside these major festivals, there is also the Edinburgh Art Festival, Edinburgh International Film Festival ( moved to June from 2008 ), the Edinburgh Jazz and Blues Festival, and the Edinburgh International Book Festival.

As well as the various summer festivals there is also the Edinburgh International Science Festival.

Edinburgh is also home to a flourishing group of contemporary composers such as Nigel Osborne, Peter Nelson, Lyell Cresswell, Hafliði Hallgrímsson, Edward Harper, Robert Crawford, Robert Dow and John McLeod whose music is heard regularly on BBC Radio 3 and throughout the UK.

The Herald, which is published in Glasgow, also covers Edinburgh.

Capital Radio Scotland and Real Radio Scotland also have transmitters in Edinburgh.

Edinburgh has also become associated with the crime novels of Ian Rankin, and the work of Irvine Welsh, whose novels are mostly set in the city and are often written in colloquial Scots.

Edinburgh is also home to the international best-selling author Alexander McCall Smith.

Edinburgh was also home to senior sides St Bernard's, and Leith Athletic.

Edinburgh is also home to RBS Premier One rugby teams Heriot's Rugby Club, Boroughmuir RFC, the Edinburgh Academicals and Currie RFC.

Edinburgh has also hosted various national and international sports events including the World Student Games, the 1970 British Commonwealth Games, the 1986 Commonwealth Games and the inaugural 2000 Commonwealth Youth Games.

In 1560 Marie de Guise died, and soon after the Auld Alliance also died, with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh, which provided for the removal of French and English troops from Scotland.

The A7 Edinburgh to Carlisle road passes through the town, with main roads also leading to Berwick upon Tweed ( the A698 ) and Newcastle upon Tyne ( the A6088, which joins the A68 at the Carter Bar, south-east of Hawick ).

There were also regional networks centred on Bristol, Edinburgh and Newcastle, where groups of institutions had pooled resources to provide better computing facilities than could be afforded individually.

Gordon continued her on-stage acting career in the 1950s, and was nominated for a 1956 Tony, for Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play, for her portrayal of Dolly Levi in Thornton Wilder's The Matchmaker, a role she also played in London, Edinburgh and Berlin.

In Edinburgh also, the Scottish National Portrait Gallery has statues of Bruce and Wallace in niches flanking the main entrance.

In keeping with its many Walter Scott references, Rose Street in Edinburgh has a bar called the " Kenilworth ", along with one named the " Abbotsford ".

When AA was ported to the English Electric KDF9 computer, the character set was changed to ISO and that compiler has been recovered from an old paper tape by the Edinburgh Computer History Project and is available online, as is a high-quality scan of the original Edinburgh version of the Atlas Autocode manual.

A Beltane Fire Festival has been held every year since 1988 during the night of 30 April on Calton Hill in Edinburgh, Scotland and attended by up to 15, 000 people.

Robert the Bruce, intending to join Wallace and commit troops to the war, sets up a meeting with him in Edinburgh where Robert's father has conspired with other nobles to capture and hand over Wallace to the English.

In Scotland the only one which has survived the convulsions of the 16th century is Aberdeen Breviary, a Scottish form of the Sarum Office ( the Sarum Rite was much favoured in Scotland as a kind of protest against the jurisdiction claimed by the diocese of York ), revised by William Elphinstone ( bishop 1483 – 1514 ), and printed at Edinburgh by Walter Chapman and Andrew Myllar in 1509 – 1510.

Matthew Gibson has shown that LeFanu used Dom Augustin Calmet's Treatise on Vampires and Revenants, translated into English in 1850 as The Phantom World, the Reverend Sabine Baring-Gould's The Book of Were-wolves ( 1863 ), and his account of Elizabeth Bathory, Coleridge's Christabel, and Captain Basil Hall's Schloss Hainfeld ; or a Winter in Lower Styria ( London and Edinburgh, 1836 ).

Source code for a Coral 66 compiler ( written in BCPL ) has been recovered and the " Official Definition of Coral 66 " document by HMSO has been scanned ; the Ministry of Defence patent office has issued a licence to the Edinburgh Computer History project to allow them to put both the code and the language reference online for non-commercial use.

The Britannica has an Editorial Board of Advisors, which includes 12 distinguished scholars: author Nicholas Carr, religion scholar Wendy Doniger, political economist Benjamin M. Friedman, Council on Foreign Relations President Emeritus Leslie H. Gelb, computer scientist David Gelernter, Physics Nobel laureate Murray Gell-Mann, Carnegie Corporation of New York President Vartan Gregorian, philosopher Thomas Nagel, cognitive scientist Donald Norman, musicologist Don Michael Randel, Stewart Sutherland, Baron Sutherland of Houndwood, President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and cultural anthropologist Michael Wesch.

Edinburgh Napier University has campuses in the south and west of the city, including the former Craiglockhart Hydropathic and Merchiston Tower.

The International Festival has since been overtaken in both size and popularity by the Edinburgh Fringe.

The Royal Lyceum Theatre has its own company, while the King's Theatre, Edinburgh Festival Theatre, and Edinburgh Playhouse stage large touring shows.

Edinburgh has two repertory cinemas, the Edinburgh Filmhouse, and the Cameo, and the independent Dominion Cinema, as well as the usual range of multiplexes.

Edinburgh has a healthy popular music scene.

Edinburgh, along with the rest of Scotland, has completed the digital switchover for television.

Edinburgh has a large number of museums and libraries, many of which are national institutions.

Edinburgh has a long literary tradition, going back to the Scottish Enlightenment and in more recent years being declared the first UNESCO City of Literature in 2004.

Edinburgh has a large number of pubs, clubs and restaurants.

At that time, Bristol had substantial hospital endowments ( second only to London and Edinburgh ) but these were mostly spent on charity rather than education.

Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, is divided into areas that generally encompass a park ( sometimes known as " links "), a main local street ( i. e. street of local retail shops ), a high street ( the historic main street, not always the same as the main local street, such as in Corstorphine ) and residential buildings.

The Crown Estate owns 50 % of the partnership, which owns the Fort Kinnaird retail park near Edinburgh ;

Blackwell's maintains over 40 retail outlets across the UK, with flagship stores located in Oxford, Cambridge, Edinburgh and London.

Opposed to the charge were Edinburgh Communities Against Congestion Charging, retail businesses and the National Alliance Against Tolls.

The John Lewis Partnership, owners of a department store in central Edinburgh, called for reduced charging hours in the city centre to reduce the impact on retail shops and improvements to the public transport system before the charge began.

Professor John Alan Dawson is Professor of Marketing at the University of Edinburgh ; he is a Geographer, and specialist in retail innovation,

Corstorphine retains a busy main street with many independent small shops, although a number have closed in recent years since the opening of several retail parks to the west of Edinburgh, especially the Gyle Centre.

London & Edinburgh Trust opened Fosse Park in 1989, the development contained 12 retail warehouses, including Marks & Spencer as an anchor store.