Modern advertising was created with the innovative techniques introduced with tobacco advertising in the 1920s, most significantly with the campaigns of Edward Bernays, which is often considered the founder of modern, Madison Avenue advertising.

* Bernays, Edward.

Ivy Lee and Edward Louis Bernays established the first definition of public relations in the early 1900s as

Edward Bernays, often described as the father of public relations

This methodology was one of Edward Bernays ' favorite techniques for manipulating public opinion by the indirect use of " third-party authorities " to influence the public, without their conscious cooperation.

Edward Bernays has been called the " Father of Spin ".

Larry Tye describes in his book, " The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays & The Birth of PR ", some situations in twentieth-century America where tobacco and alcohol companies used techniques to make certain behaviors more socially acceptable.

* Edward Bernays

* Edward Bernays

Edward Louis Bernays ( November 22, 1891 – March 9, 1995 ) was an Austrian-American pioneer in the field of public relations and propaganda, referred to in his obituary as " the father of public relations ".

As a genre of political thought, parallels exist between Niebuhr's " necessary illusions " and the " noble lies " of Leo Strauss, " public relations " of Edward Bernays and " myth making " of Niccolò Machiavelli.

* Edward Bernays

* Edward Bernays

* Edward L. Bernays, Crystallizing Public Opinion, 1923

Edward Bernays directed public relations of the fair in 1939, which he called ' democricity '.

* Edward Bernays

His principal competitor in the new public relations industry was Edward Bernays.

Public relations pioneer Edward Bernays later refined the creation and use of press releases.

* Edward Bernays

* Edward Bernays

* Journalists, writers, publishers: Mathilde Franziska Anneke ; Gustav Bloede ( see Marie Bloede ); Rudolf Doehn ; Carl Adolph Douai ; Carl Daenzer ; Bernard Domschke ; Christian Esselen ( editor of Atlantis ); Julius Fröbel ; Karl Peter Heinzen ; Rudolf Lexow ( founder of Belletristisches Journal ); Niclas Müller ; Reinhold Solger ; Emil Praetorius ; Oswald Ottendorfer ; Friedrich Hassaurek ; Theodor Olshausen ; Hermann Raster ; Wilhelm Rapp ; Carl Heinrich Schnauffer ; Kaspar Beetz ; Carl Dilthey ; F. Raine ; Heinrich Börnstein ; Charles L. Bernays ; Emil Rothe ; Eduard Leyh ; George Schneider ( who was also a banker ); Albert Sigel ; Franz Umbscheiden ; Edward Morwitz ( who was also a physician )

To involve the politically reticent President Eisenhower, the UFC employed the public relations-and-advertising expert Edward L. Bernays to create, organise, and direct a psychologically inflammatory, anti – Communist disinformation campaign ( print and radio, film and television ) against the liberal Árbenz Government of Guatemala.

The public relations expert Edward L. Bernays manufactured the popular consent that made feasible the 1954 Guatemalan coup d ’ état by the United States.

In 1954, for his clients, the Eisenhower Administration and the United Fruit Company, the public relations expert Edward Bernays engineered American popular consent for the 1954 Guatemalan coup d ‘ état to overthrow a capitalist democracy in Central America.

He undertook a history of the Bábí religion through publication of A Traveller's Narrative ( Makála-i-Shakhsí Sayyáh ) in 1886, later translated and published in translation in 1891 through Cambridge University by the agency of Edward Granville Browne who described ` Abdu ' l-Bahá as:

They had two children, Lady Emily Elizabeth Bulwer-Lytton ( 1828 – 1848 ), and ( Edward ) Robert Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton ( 1831 – 1891 ) who became Governor-General and Viceroy of British India ( 1876 – 1880 ).

** Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife, eldest grandchild of King Edward VII ( b. 1891 )

The family of the Prince of Wales illustrated in 1891 ( based on a photograph from 1889 ): ( left to right ) Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence | Prince Albert Victor, Maud of Wales | Princess Maud, Alexandra of Denmark | Alexandra, Edward, Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife | Princess Louise, George V of the United Kingdom | Prince George and Princess Victoria Alexandra of the United Kingdom | Princess Victoria.

In 1891, Edward was embroiled in the Royal Baccarat Scandal, when it was revealed he had played an illegal card game for money the previous year.

* Edward Turner Jeffery, 1891 – 1912

* Edward P. Coleridge, 1891: prose: full text

The youngest daughter of Edward Baines — Margaret ( d. 1891 )— married another political figure, Charles Reed, in 1844.

Father Charles Edward Coughlin ( October 25, 1891 – October 27, 1979 )

Edward Francis Cline ( November 4, 1891 – May 22, 1961 ) was a screenwriter, actor, writer and director best known for his work with comedians W. C. Fields and Buster Keaton.

The couple eventually had a son, named Edward Fox FitzGerald ( 10 October 1794-25 January 1863 ), married on 6 November 1827 to Jane Paul ( died 2 November 1891 ), and two daughters, Pamela FitzGerald ( 1795 / 1796-25 November 1869 ), married on 21 November 1820 Sir Guy Campbell, 1st Baronet ( died 26 January 1849 ), and Lucy Louisa FitzGerald ( 1798-September 1826 ), married on 5 September 1825 Capt.

In 1891, under the advice of Sir Edward Burne-Jones and Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, he took up art as a profession.

* Lt .- Col. Lord Edward Cavendish ( 1838 – 1891 )

* Edward Maynard ( 1813 – 1891 ), American firearms inventor

The Stanhope Memorandum of 1891 ( drawn up by Edward Stanhope when Secretary of State for War ) laid down the policy that after providing for garrisons and India, the army should be able to mobilise three army corps for home defence, two of regular troops and one partly of militia, each of three divisions.

In 1891, Mary Adelaide was keen for her daughter, Princess Victoria Mary of Teck ( known as " May ") to marry one of the sons of the Prince of Wales, the future Edward VII.

Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife, GCStJ ( Alexandra Victoria Alberta Edwina Louise ; née Duff ; later Princess Arthur of Connaught ; 17 May 1891 – 26 February 1959 ) was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of King Edward VII.

Others include: Millerites ( from 1833 ), Edward White ( 1846 ), Christadelphians ( from 1848 ), Thomas Thayer ( 1855 ), François Gaussen ( d. 1863 ), Henry Constable ( 1873 ), Louis Burnier ( Waldensian, d. 1878 ), the Baptist Conditionalist Association ( 1878 ), Cameron Mann ( 1888 ), Emmanuel Pétavel-Olliff ( 1891 ), Miles Grant ( 1895 ) George Gabriel Stokes ( 1897 ),

From a translation by Edward Rehatsek ( Hungary 1819 – Mumbai 1891 ), abridged and introduced 5 – 13 by Michael Edwards.

Dudley became part of the social circle of the Prince of Wales ( later King Edward VII ), who attended his wedding to Rachel Gurney in 1891.

* Edward Fitzgerald ( ice hockey ) ( 1891 – 1966 ), American ice hockey player

Traffic was initially " almost non-existent " due to Verney Junction's rural locality, but the Metropolitan Railway under the influence of Sir Edward Watkin nevertheless saw an opportunity for growth and absorbed the A & BR on 1 July 1891.

Edward Robert Lytton Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Earl of Lytton, GCB, GCSI, GCIE, PC ( 8 November 1831 – 24 November 1891 ) was an English statesman and poet.