Electron beams 3.

Electron beams are used in welding, which allows energy densities up to across a narrow focus diameter of and usually does not require a filler material.

Electron microscopy has been developed since the 1930s that use electron beams instead of light.

Electron beams 3.

Electron beams usually have nominal energies in the range 4-20 MeV.

Category: Electron beams in medical applications

Electron beams use an on-off technology and provide a much higher dosing rate than gamma or x-rays.

Category: Electron beams in manufacturing

The high energy and directionality of charged particle beams make them useful for applications ( see Particle beam # Usage and Electron beam technology ).

Electron beams with diameter ranging from 2 up to hundreds nano meters, are used in electron lithographs.

Electron beams are employed in synchrotron light sources to produce electromagnetic radiation with a continuous spectrum over a wide frequency band which is called synchrotron radiation.

Electron states are best represented by time-depending " mixtures " ( linear combinations ) of multiple orbitals.

There are at least 500 known games for the Electron and the true total is probably in the thousands.

FireTrack exploits a division in the way the Electron handles its display — of the seven available graphics modes, two are configured so that the final two of every ten scanlines are blank and are not based on the contents of RAM.

Notable enterprises which produced discs of such software are BBC PD, Electron User Group and HeadFirst PD.

( C ) 1983 Acorn Computers Ltd. Thanks are due to the following contributors to the development of the Electron ( among others too numerous to mention ):- Bob Austin, Astec, Harry Barman, Paul Bond, Allen Boothroyd, Ben Bridgewater, Cambridge, John Cox, Chris Curry, 6502 designers, Jeremy Dion, Tim Dobson, Joe Dunn, Ferranti, Steve Furber, David Gale, Andrew Gordon, Martyn Gilbert, Lawrence Hardwick, Hermann Hauser, John Herbert, Hitachi, Andy Hopper, Paul Jephcot, Brian Jones, Chris Jordan, Computer Laboratory, Tony Mann, Peter Miller, Trevor Morris, Steve Parsons, Robin Pain, Glyn Phillips, Brian Robertson, Peter Robinson, David Seal, Kim Spence-Jones, Graham Tebby, Jon Thackray, Topexpress, Chris Turner, Hugo Tyson, John Umney, Alex van Someren, Geoff Vincent, Adrian Warner, Robin Williamson, Roger Wilson.

Electron avalanches are essential to the dielectric breakdown process within gases.

There are a number of common, standard and manufacturer-driven numbering and coding schemes for diodes ; the two most common being the EIA / JEDEC standard and the European Pro Electron standard:

Electron microscopes are used to observe a wide range of biological and inorganic specimens including microorganisms, cells, large molecules, biopsy samples, metals, and crystals.

Electron microscopes are expensive to build and maintain, but the capital and running costs of confocal light microscope systems now overlaps with those of basic electron microscopes.

For discrete devices, for example, there are three standards: JEDEC JESD370B in United States, Pro Electron in Europe and Japanese Industrial Standards ( JIS ) in Japan.

Electron beam tomography is a specific form of CT in which a large enough X-ray tube is constructed so that only the path of the electrons, traveling between the cathode and anode of the X-ray tube, are spun using deflection coils.

Electron transport chains are the cellular mechanisms used for extracting energy from sunlight in photosynthesis and also from redox reactions, such as the oxidation of sugars ( respiration ).

Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.

Solvent-based Inks, Water-based Inks, EB ( Electron Beam ) curing inks, UV ( ultraviolet ) Curing Inks and two-part chemically-curing inks ( usually based on polyurethane isocyanate reactions ), although these are uncommon at the moment.

Electron capture for almost all non-noble gas atoms involves the release of energy and thus are exothermic.

Electron lenses are designed to act in a manner emulating that of an optical lens, by focusing parallel rays at some constant focal length.

Electron lenses are manufactured from iron, iron-cobalt or nickel cobalt alloys, such as permalloy.

Electron densities are often be rendered in terms of an isosurface ( an isodensity surface ) with the size and shape of the surface determined by the value of the density chosen, or in terms of a percentage of total electrons enclosed.

Electron densities are often probed with X-ray diffraction scans, where X-rays of a suitable wavelength are targeted towards a sample and measurements are made over time to represent, probabilistically, where electrons can be found, from these positions molecular structures can often be determined for crystallized systems.

At its peak, the Electron was the third best selling micro in the United Kingdom, and total lifetime game sales for the Electron exceeded those of the BBC Micro.

The Electron was developed during 1983 as a cheap sibling for the BBC Micro with the intention of capturing the low-cost Christmas sales market for that year.

By providing extra storage this modification also allowed some games and applications intended for the BBC Micro to function on the Electron despite the lack of a native Mode 7.

Although cheap and effective in enabling use of some software that only used official ROM entry points for text output, this solution proved very slow because the Electron had to be placed into an 80-byte-pitch display to be able to get anywhere near to reproducing mode 7 and the CPU spent a lot of time drawing approximations of mode 7 characters and graphics that in a hardware solution would be achieved without any CPU processing.

During the latter years, PMS produced a 2nd Processor specifically for the Electron.

The Electron is widely misquoted as operating at 1. 79 MHz after measurements derived from speed testing against the thoroughly 2 MHz BBC Micro for various pieces of ' common software '

Although not as well supported by the biggest software publishers as rivals like the Commodore 64 and Sinclair ZX Spectrum, a good range of games were available for the Electron.

There were around 1, 400 games released for the Acorn Electron, several thousand extra public domain titles were released on disc through Public Domain libraries.

See also the list of Acorn Electron games for a fairly comprehensive list of games published for the machine and: Category: BBC Micro and Acorn Electron games for a list of games with information on Wikipedia.

* BARREL ( Balloon Array for RBSP Relativistic Electron Losses ), a NASA mission

Three Electron guns ( for red, green, and blue phosphor dots ) 2.

The European Pro Electron coding system for active components was introduced in 1966 and comprises two letters followed by the part code.

Electron counting is a formalism used for classifying compounds and for explaining or predicting electronic structure and bonding.

* Gauntlet ( Micro Power video game ), 1984 Defender clone for the Acorn Electron, BBC Micro and Amstrad CPC computers

Electron beam lithography is also important commercially, primarily for its use in the manufacture of photomasks.