Electron beams are used in welding, which allows energy densities up to across a narrow focus diameter of and usually does not require a filler material.

Electron densities are often probed with X-ray diffraction scans, where X-rays of a suitable wavelength are targeted towards a sample and measurements are made over time to represent, probabilistically, where electrons can be found, from these positions molecular structures can often be determined for crystallized systems.

Electron states are best represented by time-depending " mixtures " ( linear combinations ) of multiple orbitals.

There are at least 500 known games for the Electron and the true total is probably in the thousands.

FireTrack exploits a division in the way the Electron handles its display — of the seven available graphics modes, two are configured so that the final two of every ten scanlines are blank and are not based on the contents of RAM.

Notable enterprises which produced discs of such software are BBC PD, Electron User Group and HeadFirst PD.

( C ) 1983 Acorn Computers Ltd. Thanks are due to the following contributors to the development of the Electron ( among others too numerous to mention ):- Bob Austin, Astec, Harry Barman, Paul Bond, Allen Boothroyd, Ben Bridgewater, Cambridge, John Cox, Chris Curry, 6502 designers, Jeremy Dion, Tim Dobson, Joe Dunn, Ferranti, Steve Furber, David Gale, Andrew Gordon, Martyn Gilbert, Lawrence Hardwick, Hermann Hauser, John Herbert, Hitachi, Andy Hopper, Paul Jephcot, Brian Jones, Chris Jordan, Computer Laboratory, Tony Mann, Peter Miller, Trevor Morris, Steve Parsons, Robin Pain, Glyn Phillips, Brian Robertson, Peter Robinson, David Seal, Kim Spence-Jones, Graham Tebby, Jon Thackray, Topexpress, Chris Turner, Hugo Tyson, John Umney, Alex van Someren, Geoff Vincent, Adrian Warner, Robin Williamson, Roger Wilson.

Electron avalanches are essential to the dielectric breakdown process within gases.

There are a number of common, standard and manufacturer-driven numbering and coding schemes for diodes ; the two most common being the EIA / JEDEC standard and the European Pro Electron standard:

Electron microscopes are used to observe a wide range of biological and inorganic specimens including microorganisms, cells, large molecules, biopsy samples, metals, and crystals.

Electron microscopes are expensive to build and maintain, but the capital and running costs of confocal light microscope systems now overlaps with those of basic electron microscopes.

For discrete devices, for example, there are three standards: JEDEC JESD370B in United States, Pro Electron in Europe and Japanese Industrial Standards ( JIS ) in Japan.

Electron beam tomography is a specific form of CT in which a large enough X-ray tube is constructed so that only the path of the electrons, traveling between the cathode and anode of the X-ray tube, are spun using deflection coils.

Electron transport chains are the cellular mechanisms used for extracting energy from sunlight in photosynthesis and also from redox reactions, such as the oxidation of sugars ( respiration ).

Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.

Solvent-based Inks, Water-based Inks, EB ( Electron Beam ) curing inks, UV ( ultraviolet ) Curing Inks and two-part chemically-curing inks ( usually based on polyurethane isocyanate reactions ), although these are uncommon at the moment.

Electron capture for almost all non-noble gas atoms involves the release of energy and thus are exothermic.

Electron lenses are designed to act in a manner emulating that of an optical lens, by focusing parallel rays at some constant focal length.

Electron lenses are manufactured from iron, iron-cobalt or nickel cobalt alloys, such as permalloy.

Electron beams are useful for treating superficial lesions because the maximum of dose deposition occurs near the surface.

Electron beam lithography ( often abbreviated as e-beam lithography ) is the practice of scanning a beam of electrons in a patterned fashion across a surface covered with a film ( called the resist ), (" exposing " the resist ) and of selectively removing either exposed or non-exposed regions of the resist (" developing ").

Electron emission that takes place in the field-and-temperature-regime where this modified equation applies is often called Schottky emission.

Electron deficient bonds are often better described as 3-center-2-electron bonds.

Electron lithograph is a device in which a very fine electron beam is used to create micro-structures in the resist that can subsequently be transferred to the substrate material, often by etching.

Electron beam lithography ( often abbreviated as e-beam lithography ) is the practice of emitting a beam of electrons in a patterned fashion across a surface covered with a film ( called the resist ), (" exposing " the resist ) and of selectively removing either exposed or non-exposed regions of the resist (" developing ").

Electron microscopy studies demonstrated that thermal antiphase boundaries ( APBs ) form during cooling through the ordering temperatures, as ordered domains nucleate at different centers within the crystal lattice and are often out of step with each other where they meet.

Electron microscopic examination of the Af sample showed it to be composed of nearly isotropic particles about 0.3M in diameter.

Despite this, several features that would later be associated with BBC Master and Archimedes were first features of Electron expansion units, including ROM cartridge slots and the Advanced Disc Filing System — a hierarchical improvement to the BBC's original Disc Filing System.

Although cheap and effective in enabling use of some software that only used official ROM entry points for text output, this solution proved very slow because the Electron had to be placed into an 80-byte-pitch display to be able to get anywhere near to reproducing mode 7 and the CPU spent a lot of time drawing approximations of mode 7 characters and graphics that in a hardware solution would be achieved without any CPU processing.

Despite Acorn themselves effectively shelving the Electron in 1985, games continued to be developed and released by professional software houses until 1991.

Electron gas can undergo plasma oscillation, which is waves caused by synchronized variations in electron density, and these produce energy emissions that can be detected by using radio telescopes.

Electron degeneracy pressure in a material can be computed as.

Electron diffraction of solids is usually performed in a Transmission Electron Microscope ( TEM ) where the electrons pass through a thin film of the material to be studied.

Although the splitting may be small compared to the range of energies found in the system, it is crucial in understanding certain details, such as spectral lines in Electron Spin Resonance experiments.

These cards are similar to closed system prepaid cards, but are endorsed by a retail electronic payments network such as Visa, Visa Electron, MasterCard, or Maestro and can, unlike gift cards, be used anywhere debit cards with the same logo may be used.

This turns out to be correct and leads to the development of a cheap, clean, and apparently endless source of energy: the " Electron Pump ", which trades matter between our universe ( where plutonium 186 decays into tungsten 186 ) and a parallel one governed by slightly different physical laws ( where tungsten 186 turns into plutonium 186 ), yielding a nuclear reaction in the process.

Electron tube can be used to describe either of two things:

Electron transfer may be one of the most basic forms of chemical reaction but without it life cannot exist.

( Electron correlation should not be confused with electron exchange, which is fully accounted for in the Hartree – Fock method.

Electron spin resonance can be employed to quantify the probe's concentration.

Electron microscopy or EM can be used to study the detailed microarchitecture of tissues or cells.

Electron guns may be classified in several ways:

Electron orbital angular momentum results from the motion of the electron about some fixed external point that we shall take to be the location of the nucleus.

Electron deficiency occurs when a compound has too few valence electrons for the connections between atoms to be described as covalent bonds.