Electron microscopes are expensive to build and maintain, but the capital and running costs of confocal light microscope systems now overlaps with those of basic electron microscopes.

Electron microscopes equipped for X-ray spectroscopy can provide qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis.

Electron microscopes quickly became popular following the Second World War.

Electron beam excitation is used in electron microscopes, scanning electron microscopes ( SEM ) and scanning transmission electron microscopes ( STEM ).

Transmission Electron Micrograph of DislocationsSome microscopes also permit the in-situ heating and / or deformation of samples, thereby permitting the direct observation of dislocation movement and their interactions.

Electron optics calculations are, besides other uses, needed for electron microscopes and are also crucial for the design of modern particle accelerators.

Electron spectrometers are used on a range of scientific equipment, including particle accelerators, transmission electron microscopes, and astronomical satellites.

Electron microscopes, mass spectrometry and various forensic techniques allowed scientists unique glimpses of the state of health in Egypt 4000 years ago.

Electron states are best represented by time-depending " mixtures " ( linear combinations ) of multiple orbitals.

There are at least 500 known games for the Electron and the true total is probably in the thousands.

FireTrack exploits a division in the way the Electron handles its display — of the seven available graphics modes, two are configured so that the final two of every ten scanlines are blank and are not based on the contents of RAM.

Notable enterprises which produced discs of such software are BBC PD, Electron User Group and HeadFirst PD.

( C ) 1983 Acorn Computers Ltd. Thanks are due to the following contributors to the development of the Electron ( among others too numerous to mention ):- Bob Austin, Astec, Harry Barman, Paul Bond, Allen Boothroyd, Ben Bridgewater, Cambridge, John Cox, Chris Curry, 6502 designers, Jeremy Dion, Tim Dobson, Joe Dunn, Ferranti, Steve Furber, David Gale, Andrew Gordon, Martyn Gilbert, Lawrence Hardwick, Hermann Hauser, John Herbert, Hitachi, Andy Hopper, Paul Jephcot, Brian Jones, Chris Jordan, Computer Laboratory, Tony Mann, Peter Miller, Trevor Morris, Steve Parsons, Robin Pain, Glyn Phillips, Brian Robertson, Peter Robinson, David Seal, Kim Spence-Jones, Graham Tebby, Jon Thackray, Topexpress, Chris Turner, Hugo Tyson, John Umney, Alex van Someren, Geoff Vincent, Adrian Warner, Robin Williamson, Roger Wilson.

Electron avalanches are essential to the dielectric breakdown process within gases.

There are a number of common, standard and manufacturer-driven numbering and coding schemes for diodes ; the two most common being the EIA / JEDEC standard and the European Pro Electron standard:

Electron beams are used in welding, which allows energy densities up to across a narrow focus diameter of and usually does not require a filler material.

For discrete devices, for example, there are three standards: JEDEC JESD370B in United States, Pro Electron in Europe and Japanese Industrial Standards ( JIS ) in Japan.

Electron beam tomography is a specific form of CT in which a large enough X-ray tube is constructed so that only the path of the electrons, traveling between the cathode and anode of the X-ray tube, are spun using deflection coils.

Electron transport chains are the cellular mechanisms used for extracting energy from sunlight in photosynthesis and also from redox reactions, such as the oxidation of sugars ( respiration ).

Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress.

Solvent-based Inks, Water-based Inks, EB ( Electron Beam ) curing inks, UV ( ultraviolet ) Curing Inks and two-part chemically-curing inks ( usually based on polyurethane isocyanate reactions ), although these are uncommon at the moment.

Electron capture for almost all non-noble gas atoms involves the release of energy and thus are exothermic.

Electron lenses are designed to act in a manner emulating that of an optical lens, by focusing parallel rays at some constant focal length.

Electron lenses are manufactured from iron, iron-cobalt or nickel cobalt alloys, such as permalloy.

Electron densities are often be rendered in terms of an isosurface ( an isodensity surface ) with the size and shape of the surface determined by the value of the density chosen, or in terms of a percentage of total electrons enclosed.

Electron densities are often probed with X-ray diffraction scans, where X-rays of a suitable wavelength are targeted towards a sample and measurements are made over time to represent, probabilistically, where electrons can be found, from these positions molecular structures can often be determined for crystallized systems.

Electron beams are useful for treating superficial lesions because the maximum of dose deposition occurs near the surface.

Of the capabilities present in the BBC Micro but absent from the Electron, the teletext-style mode 7 was particularly conspicuous because of the very low memory usage in that mode ( just less than 1 kB ) and the high number of BBC programs that used it.

Although cheap and effective in enabling use of some software that only used official ROM entry points for text output, this solution proved very slow because the Electron had to be placed into an 80-byte-pitch display to be able to get anywhere near to reproducing mode 7 and the CPU spent a lot of time drawing approximations of mode 7 characters and graphics that in a hardware solution would be achieved without any CPU processing.

Electron beam processing is used to irradiate materials in order to change their physical properties or sterilize medical and food products.

* Electron spin resonance or electron paramagnetic resonance, a technique used in chemical spectroscopy to identify unpaired electrons and free radicals

Electron counting is a formalism used for classifying compounds and for explaining or predicting electronic structure and bonding.

The Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron ( German Electron Synchrotron ), commonly abbreviated DESY, is a national research center in Germany which operates particle accelerators used to investigate the structure of matter.

* Gas Electron Multiplier, a type of particle detector used in experimental particle physics

Electron microscopy and serologic studies were used to confirm that the disease was human monkeypox.

Electron diffraction is most frequently used in solid state physics and chemistry to study the crystal structure of solids.

Electron ionization and chemical ionization are used for gases and vapors.

These cards are similar to closed system prepaid cards, but are endorsed by a retail electronic payments network such as Visa, Visa Electron, MasterCard, or Maestro and can, unlike gift cards, be used anywhere debit cards with the same logo may be used.

Electron ionization is widely used in mass spectrometry, particularly for organic molecules.

Electron tube can be used to describe either of two things:

Electron pairs are therefore considered lone pairs if two electrons are paired but are not used in chemical bonding.

* Electron beam processing is also commonly used for medical device sterilization.

Electron transfer is used in all respiratory functions as well as photosynthesis.

Electron microscopy or EM can be used to study the detailed microarchitecture of tissues or cells.

Acorn Computers used several ULA chips in the BBC Micro, and later managed to compress almost all of that machine's logic into a single ULA for the Acorn Electron.

* Electron cloud, analogy used to describe an electron that orbits around a nucleus

They are also used to make HEMTs ( High Electron Mobility Transistors ), which are used in low-noise electronics.