He then followed the fortunes of his friend Elector Maurice of Saxony, deserted Charles, and joined the league which proposed to overthrow the Emperor by an alliance with King Henry II of France.

* 1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

In 1054 King Edward sent Ealdred to Germany to obtain Emperor Henry III's help in returning Edward the Exile, son of Edmund Ironside, to England.

Although some sources state that Ealdred attended the coronation of Emperor Henry IV, this is not possible, as on the date that Henry was crowned, Ealdred was in England consecrating an abbot.

At Christmas 1196, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI attempted to force Alexios III to pay him a tribute of 5, 000 pounds ( later negotiated down to 1, 600 pounds ) of gold or face invasion.

In February 1215, Andrew married Yolanda, the niece of Henry I, the Emperor of Constantinople.

When the Emperor Henry I died on 11 July 1216, Andrew was planning to acquire the imperial throne, but the barons of the Latin Empire proclaimed his father-in-law, Peter of Courtenay their emperor.

Among their children, four lived to maturity: Henry, born in 952 ; Bruno, born 953 ; Matilda, the first Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg, born about 954 ; and Otto II, later Holy Roman Emperor, born 955.

* Emperor Henry II ( 972-1024 )

In 1007, Holy Roman Emperor Henry II made Bamberg a family inheritance, the seat of a separate diocese.

He thus broke allegiance with Philip and assembled a broad coalition including Emperor Otto IV, King John I of England, Duke Henry I of Brabant, Count William I of Holland, Duke Theobald I of Lorraine, and Duke Henry III of Limburg.

Some notable collectors were Pope Boniface VIII, Emperor Maximilian of the Holy Roman Empire, Louis XIV of France, Ferdinand I, Henry IV of France and Elector Joachim II of Brandenburg, who started the Berlin Coin Cabinet ( German: Münzkabinett Berlin ).

In 1122, Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor entered into an agreement with Pope Calistus II known as the Concordat of Worms.

The Concordat of Worms, sometimes called the Pactum Calixtinum by papal historians, was an agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V on September 23, 1122 near the city of Worms.

Following efforts by Lamberto Scannabecchi ( later Pope Honorius II ) and the Diet of Würzburg ( 1121 ) in 1122, Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V entered into an agreement that effectively ended the Investiture Controversy.

Gregory VII appeared to have succeeded when the emperor Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor was humiliated at Canossa in 1077.

Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor was one of those monarchs who found himself excommunicated.

On Palm Sunday, 1084, Henry IV solemnly enthroned Clement at St. Peter ’ s Basilica and on Easter Day, Clement returned the favor and crowned Henry IV as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

Henry V was crowned by Pope Paschal II as the legitimate Holy Roman Emperor.

The struggle over investiture between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor had dramatized the clash between church and state.

When, after the death of Emperor Otto I in 973, a struggle for the supremacy in Germany began, both Dobrawa's husband and brother Boleslav II the Pious, Duke of Bohemia, supported the same candidate for the German throne, Duke Henry II of Bavaria.

** Liber ad honorem Augusti by Peter of Eboli, narrative of the conquest of Sicily by Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor ( Latin )

* 1697 – Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor ( d. 1745 )

The distinction of a Knight Commander of the Indian Empire was conferred upon him by Queen Victoria in 1897 ( and later Knight Grand Commander in 1902 by Edward VII ) and he received like recognition for his public services from the German Emperor, the Sultan of Turkey, the Shah of Persia and other potentates.

According to the work De Administrando Imperio written by the 10th-century Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII, the Croats had arrived in what is today Croatia in the early 7th century, however that claim is disputed and competing hypotheses date the event between the 6th and the 9th centuries.

Under Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 34 ), troops of the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor Charles V sacked Papal Rome in 1527, “ raping, killing, burning, stealing, the like had not been seen since the Vandals ”.

Byzantine Emperor Michael VII Palaiologos succeeded in recapturing Constantinople in 1261.

One of the most famous Imperial coronation ceremonies was that of Napoleon, crowning himself Emperor in the presence of Pope Pius VII ( who had blessed the regalia ), at the Notre Dame de Paris | Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. The painting by Jacques-Louis David | David commemorating the event is equally famous: the gothic cathedral restyled Empire ( style ) | style Empire, supervised by the Letizia Ramolino | mother of the Emperor on the balcony ( a fictional addition, while she had not been present at the ceremony ), the pope positioned near the altar, Napoleon proceeds to crown his then wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais as Empress.

* 1076 – Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.

It had been a central issue in the reign of Pope Gregory VII and his battles with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.

* Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor ( c. 1275 – 1313 )

* 1742 – Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

Baldwin and his advisors recognised that it was essential for Sibylla to be married to a Western nobleman in order to access support from Europe in a military crisis ; while Raymond was still regent, a marriage was arranged for Sibylla and William of Montferrat, a cousin of Louis VII of France and of Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor.

Emperor Joseph and his successor Emperor Charles VI were descendants of Spanish kings who were heirs of Albert VII.

* 1743 – Maria Theresa of Austria is crowned Queen of Bohemia after defeating her rival, Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor.

* 1135 – Alfonso VII of León and Castile is crowned in the Cathedral of Leon as Imperator totius Hispaniae, " Emperor of all of Spain ".

The ceremonies of her formal reception in Constantinople were minutely described by Emperor Constantine VII in his book De Ceremoniis.

Benedict VII promoted monasticism and ecclesiastical reform along with Emperor Otto II.

In 1310, the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII entered Italy, established the Visconti as vicars in Milan, and was crowned by Clement V's legates in Rome in 1312 before he died near Siena in 1313.

As archbishop, he was appointed papal legate to France by Pope Paschal II during the time that Paschal was induced under pressure from Holy Roman Emperor Henry V to issue the Privilegium of 1111, by which he yielded much of the papal prerogatives that had been so forcefully claimed by Pope Gregory VII in the Gregorian Reforms.

After the death of Pope Leo IX, a Roman delegation headed by Hildebrand, later Pope Gregory VII, travelled to Mainz and asked the Emperor for the nomination of a successor.

* Synod of Worms ( 1076 ), a Reichstag convened by Emperor Henry IV which sought to depose Pope Gregory VII

The alliance broke down in 1075 during what came to be known as the Investiture Controversy ( or Investiture Dispute ), a struggle in which the reformist Pope, Gregory VII, demanded that Emperor Henry IV renounce his rights over the Church in Germany.