Duke Frederick II and Conrad, the two current male Staufer, by their mother Agnes were grandsons of late Emperor Henry IV and nephews of Henry V. Frederick attempted to succeed to the throne of the Holy Roman Emperor ( formally known as the King of the Romans ) through a customary election, but lost to the Saxon duke Lothair of Supplinburg.

In addition to their promised allegiance to the other, Louis and Charles pledged their solidarity to oppose their eldest brother Lothair, ruler of Middle Francia and, nominally, emperor of all the Carolingian Empire Frankish kingdoms as well as Holy Roman Emperor.

Coins exist which bear both the image of Benedict III and of Emperor Lothair, who died 28 September, 855 ; therefore Benedict must have been recognized as pope before the last-mentioned date.

The Concordat of Worms, which Honorius II helped to draft and which Emperor Lothair III was forced to comply with for Papal support

This was a coup for Honorius, as such a confirmation had never occurred before, and around July 1126 Honorius invited Emperor Lothair to Rome to obtain the imperial title.

Benedict intervened in the conflict between the sons of Lothair I ( the future King Lothair II of Lotharingia, Emperor Louis II and Charles of Provence ) on the latter's death.

Over time, however, Papal dependence on the Holy Roman Emperor was loosened through the quarrels of Louis the Pious and his sons, the future emperor Lothair I, Pepin I of Aquitaine and Louis the German.

The Holy Roman Emperor Lothair I, however, disapproved of this abandonment of the Constitutio Romana of 824, which included a statute that no pope should be consecrated until his election had the approval of the Frankish emperor.

At the investiture of Lothair as Emperor he gained the territories belonging to Matilda of Tuscany in return for an annuity to be paid to the pope, in consequence of which the curial party based the contention that the Emperor was a vassal of the Papal see.

In 985, with the support of his archbishop, he opposed Lothair of France's ( 954 – 986 ) attempt to take the Lorraine from Emperor Otto III ( 983 – 1002 ) by supporting Hugh Capet ( 987 – 996 ).

Emperor Louis the Pious accordingly sent his son Lothair to Rome to strengthen the Frankish influence.

Seemingly before Lothair left Rome, there arrived ambassadors from Emperor Louis and from the Greeks concerning the image question.

* 1125: Lothair of Supplinburg, duke of Saxony, is elected Holy Roman Emperor instead of the nearest heir, Frederick of Swabia, beginning the great struggle of Guelf and Ghibelline.

* Battle of Welfesholz: Lothair I of Supplinburg defeats Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor.

* Gertrude, daughter of Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor and wife of Henry X, Duke of Bavaria

* May 23 – Lothair of Saxony becomes Holy Roman Emperor on the death of Henry V.

* Conrad III establishes the Hohenstaufen dynasty when he is crowned antiking to the Holy Roman Emperor, Lothair II.

* June 4 – Lothair III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Innocent II.

* December – Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor ( b. 1075 )

# REDIRECT Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor

Lothair III of Supplinburg ( 9 June 1075, Unterlüß – 4 December 1137 ), was Duke of Saxony ( 1106 ), King of Germany ( 1125 ), and Holy Roman Emperor from 1133 to 1137.

In the year 1712, the Mughal Emperor Jahandar Shah, a grandson of Aurangzeb sent gifts to the Ottoman Sultan Ahmad III and refereed to himself as the Ottoman Sultan's devoted admirer.

Alexander Alexandrovich () ( 10 March 1845 – 1 November 1894 ), known historically as Alexander III or Alexander the Peacemaker reigned as Emperor of Russia from until his death on.

Alexios III Angelos () ( c. 1153 – 1211 ) was Byzantine Emperor from 1195 to 1203.

At Christmas 1196, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI attempted to force Alexios III to pay him a tribute of 5, 000 pounds ( later negotiated down to 1, 600 pounds ) of gold or face invasion.

He had been married twice but was now allegedly the lover of Eudokia Angelina, a daughter of Emperor Alexios III Angelos.

Effective administrative authority during the reign of Andronikos III was wielded by his megas domestikos John Kantakouzenos, while the Emperor enjoyed himself hunting or waging war.

In Jerusalem he saw Theodora Komnene, the beautiful widow of King Baldwin III and niece of the Emperor Manuel.

However, during the schism between Pope Alexander III and Antipope Victor IV, Absalon stayed loyal to Valdemar even as he joined the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barberossa in supporting Victor IV.

* Alexius III of Trebizond, Emperor of Trebizond

* 2007 – Boris Yeltsin's funeral – the first to be sanctioned by the Russian Orthodox Church for a head of state since the funeral of Emperor Alexander III in 1894.

Albert was born in Grimma as the third and youngest son ( but fifth child in order of birth ) of Frederick II the Gentle, Elector of Saxony, and Margarete of Austria, sister of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor.

Emperor Joseph I, acting on behalf of his younger brother King ’ Charles III ’, absent in Spain, claimed that reconquered Brabant and Flanders should be put under immediate possession of a governor named by himself.

Baron Haussmann, a long-time prefect of Bordeaux, used Bordeaux's 18th century big-scale rebuilding as a model when he was asked by Emperor Napoleon III to transform a then still quasi-medieval Paris into a " modern " capital that would make France proud.

Other rewards were bestowed by foreign states, particularly the Ottoman Emperor Selim III, who made Nelson the first Knight Commander of the newly created Order of the Crescent, presented him with a chelengk, a diamond studded Rose, a sable fur and numerous other valuable presents.

#* Charles Louis Napoléon ( III ) Bonaparte ( 1808 – 1873 ) Emperor, married Maria Eugenia Ignacia Augustina Palafox de Guzmán Portocarrero y Kirkpatrick

He thus broke allegiance with Philip and assembled a broad coalition including Emperor Otto IV, King John I of England, Duke Henry I of Brabant, Count William I of Holland, Duke Theobald I of Lorraine, and Duke Henry III of Limburg.

He is rumored to have been a relative of the Holy Roman Emperor Otto III.

On November 17, 1858, Emperor Napoleon III annexed Clipperton as part of the French colony of Tahiti.

Theodora, widow of the Emperor Theophilus ( died 842 ), acted as regent during the minority of her son Michael III, who was said to have been introduced to dissolute habits by her brother Bardas.

Hugh was crowned at Noyon on 3 July 987 with the full support from Holy Roman Emperor Otto III.

Pope Paul III then initiated several internal Church reforms while Emperor Charles V convened a meeting with Protestants in Regensburg, seat of the German diet, to reconcile differences.

Reopened at Trent on 1 May 1551 by convocation of Pope Julius III ( 1550 – 5 ), it was broken up by the sudden victory of Maurice, Elector of Saxony over the Emperor Charles V and his march into surrounding state of Tirol on 28 April 1552.

In the in-game lore of the videogame series The Elder Scrolls, there existed an eccentric emperor named Emperor Pelagius Septim III who seems to be heavily based upon Caligula.

In 1863 almost all of the group ’ s paintings were rejected by the Salon, and French Emperor Napoleon III instead decided to place their paintings in a separate exhibit hall, the Salon des Refusés.

* 1852 – Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte becomes Emperor of the French ( Napoleon III ).