Grimm traces the etymology of the name to * balþaz, whence Gothic balþs, Old English bald, Old High German pald, all meaning " bold, brave ".

101-103 from The Gothic History of Jordanes ( English Version ), ed.

Another Indo-European example is star ( English ), str-( Sanskrit ), tara ( Hindi-Urdu ), étoile ( French ), ἀστήρ ( astēr ) ( Greek or ἀστέρι / ἄστρο, asteri / astro in Modern Greek ), stella ( Italian ), aster ( Latin ) stea ( Romanian and Venetian ), stairno ( Gothic ), astl ( Armenian ), Stern ( German ), ster ( Dutch and Afrikaans ), starn ( Scots ), stjerne ( Norwegian and Danish ), stjarna ( Icelandic ), stjärna ( Swedish ), stjørna ( Faroese ), setāre ( Persian ), stoorei ( Pashto ), seren ( Welsh ), steren ( Cornish ), estel ( Catalan ), estrella Spanish, estrella Asturian and Leonese, estrela ( Portuguese and Galician ) and estêre or stêrk ( Kurdish ), from the PIE, " star ".

Other later Germanic forms include Middle English, Old Frisian ( adjective and noun ), Old Saxon, Old High German, and evil Gothic.

The Modern English word " fox " is Old English, and comes from the Proto-Germanic word fukh – compare German Fuchs, Gothic fauho, Old Norse foa and Dutch vos.

The name Freki can be traced back to the Proto-Germanic adjective * frekaz, attested in Gothic faihu-friks " covetous, avaricious ", Old Norse frekr " greedy ", Old English frec " desirous, greedy, gluttonous, audacious " and Old High German freh " greedy ".

Gothicism's origin is attributed to English author Horace Walpole, with his 1764 novel The Castle of Otranto, subtitled " A Gothic Story ".

Contemporaneously to English Gothic, parallel Romantic literary movements developed in continental Europe: the roman noir (" black novel ") in France, by such writers as François Guillaume Ducray-Duminil, Gaston Leroux, Baculard d ' Arnaud, and Stéphanie Félicité Ducrest de St-Albin, Madame de Genlis and the Schauerroman (" shudder novel ") in Germany by such writers as Friedrich Schiller, author of The Ghost-Seer ( 1789 ) and Christian Heinrich Spiess, author of Das Petermännchen ( 1791 / 92 ).

These works were often more horrific and violent than the English Gothic novel.

Notable English twentieth-century writers in the Gothic tradition include Algernon Blackwood, William Hope Hodgson, M. R. James, Hugh Walpole, and Marjorie Bowen.

Strawberry Hill House | Strawberry Hill, an English villa in the " Gothic Revival architecture | Gothic revival " style, built by Gothic writer Horace Walpole

The ruins of Gothic buildings gave rise to multiple linked emotions by representing the inevitable decay and collapse of human creations — thus the urge to add fake ruins as eyecatchers in English landscape parks.

In literature, Gothic novel combines dark elements of both horror and romance: English author Horace Walpole, with his 1764 novel The Castle of Otranto is one of the first writers who explored this genre.

The English term has cognates in the other Germanic languages: Old Saxon heƀan " sky, heaven ", Middle Low German heven " sky ", Old Icelandic himinn " sky, heaven ", Gothic himins ; and those with a variant final-l: Old Frisian himel, himul " sky, heaven ", Old Saxon / Old High German himil, Dutch hemel, and modern German Himmel.

Old English ceosan, participle coren ' having been chosen ' and Gothic kiusan ).

* Mierow, Charles Christopher, The Gothic History of Jordanes: In English with an Introduction and a Commentary, 1915.

Even Grimm himself did not at first intend to include all the languages in his Grammar, but he soon found that Old High German postulated Gothic, and that the later stages of German could not be understood without the help of other West Germanic varieties including English, and that the rich literature of Scandinavia could not be ignored either.

Old Norse kenna ( Modern Icelandic kenna, Swedish känna, Danish kende, Norwegian kjenne or kjenna ) is cognate with Old English cennan, Old Frisian kenna, kanna, Old Saxon ( ant ) kennian ( Middle Dutch and Dutch kennen ), Old High German ( ir -, in -, pi -) chennan ( Middle High German and German kennen ), Gothic kannjan < Proto-Germanic * kannjanan, originally causative of * kunnanan “ to know ( how to )”, whence Modern English can ' to be able ' ( from the same Proto-Indo-European root as Modern English know and Latin-derived cognition ).

Midgard ( an anglicised form of Old Norse ; Old English, Old High German, Gothic Midjun-gards ; literally " middle enclosure ") is the name for the world ( in the sense of oikoumene ) inhabited by and known to humans in early Germanic cosmology, and specifically one of the Nine Worlds and in Norse mythology.

His earliest work reflected heavy influences from English and continental writers.

It omits, for example, practically the whole line of great nineteenth century English social critics, nearly all the great writers whose basic position is religious, and all those who are with more or less accuracy called Existentialists.

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He befriended English poet Matthew Arnold and English philosopher Herbert Spencer as well as being in correspondence and acquaintance with most of the U. S. Presidents, statesmen, and notable writers.

Abbreviator, plural Abbreviators in English or Abbreviatores in Latin, also called Breviators, were a body of writers in the papal chancery, whose business was to sketch out and prepare in due form the pope's bulls, briefs and consistorial decrees before these are written out in extenso by the scriptores.

The English word " amputation " was first applied to surgery in the 17th century, possibly first in Peter Lowe's A discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie ( published in either 1597 or 1612 ); his work was derived from 16th century French texts and early English writers also used the words " extirpation " ( 16th century French texts tended to use extirper ), " disarticulation ", and " dismemberment " ( from the Old French desmembrer and a more common term before the 17th century for limb loss or removal ), or simply " cutting ", but by the end of the 17th century " amputation " had come to dominate as the accepted medical term.

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Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them, even in English ; and this is the usual but not the only way of referring to cardinals in Latin .< ref > An Internet search will uncover some hundreds of examples of " Cardinalis Ioannes < surname >", examples modern and centuries-old ( such as this from 1620 ), and the phrase " dominus cardinalis Petrus Caputius " is found in a document of 1250.

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Although he said English Canada had a negligible conservative influence, subsequent writers claimed that loyalists opposed to the American Revolution brought a Tory ideology into Canada.

The most important English chronicles are the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, started under the patronage of King Alfred in the 9th century and continued until the 12th century, and the Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland ( 1577 – 87 ) by Raphael Holinshed and other writers ; the latter documents were important sources of materials for Elizabethan drama.

The 2011 contemporary classical concept album Troika is composed of new orchestral songs set to Russian, English, and French-language poetry by five multilingual Russian-born writers: Joseph Brodsky, Mikhail Lermontov, Vladimir Nabokov, Aleksandr Pushkin and Fyodor Tyutchev.

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