The Ethiopian calendar or Ethiopic calendar is the principal calendar used in Ethiopia and Eritrea.

Both the Patriarchate of Addis Ababa and all Ethiopia, and the Patriarchate of Asmara and all Eritrea do acknowledge the supremacy of honor and dignity of the Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria on the basis that both Patriarchates were established by the Throne of Alexandria and that they have their roots in the Apostolic Church of Alexandria, and acknowledge that Saint Mark the Apostle is the founder of their Churches through the heritage and Apostolic evangelization of the Fathers of Alexandria.

* His full title is Pope and Lord Archbishop of the Great City of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Orthodox and Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist and Holy Apostle that is, in Egypt, Pentapolis, Libya, Nubia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea and all Africa.

It is bordered by Somalia to the southeast, Eritrea on its northern, the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea with Yemen on its eastern, and Ethiopia to the west and south.

It is bordered by Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast.

There is one road to Somalia at Layado ; three roads to Ethiopia: south from Ali Sabieh parallel to the railway to Dewele, N1 to Deda ' i on Ethiopia No 2, and an unimproved track north-west from Balho to Ethiopia No 2 ; and two to Eritrea: an unpaved track overland from Tadjoura via Randa and Assa Gaila to Aseb, and a coastal track from Obock to Aseb ;

Though Djibouti is nominally neutral, it broke off relations with Eritrea in November 1998, renewing relations in 2000.

It is also believed that Eritrea was on the route out of Africa that was used by early man to colonize the rest of the Old World.

Together with northern Somalia, Djibouti, and the Red Sea coast of Sudan, Eritrea is considered the most likely location of the land known to the ancient Egyptians as Punt ( or " Ta Netjeru ," meaning god's land ), whose first mention dates to the 25th century BC.

These permanent villages and towns predate those of southern Eritrea and northern Ethiopia suggesting, according to Peter Schmidt, "... it is they, not sites in Arabia that were the vital precursors to urban developments ... likewise students of evolution and distribution of languages now believe that Semitic and Cushitic languages are of African origin.

The EPLF now says it is committed to establishing a democratic form of government and a free-market economy in Eritrea.

Roughly 10 % of the population of Eritrea works in the public sector, fuel is strictly rationed, and all media outlets are state-run.

His government has also been condemned for allegedly arming and financing the insurgency in Somalia ; the United States is considering labeling Eritrea a " State Sponsor of Terrorism ," however, many experts on the topic have shied from this assertion, stating that " If there is one country where the fighting of extremists and terrorists was a priority when it mattered, it was Eritrea.

Eritrea has been nicknamed as the " North Korea of Africa ," and is among the harshest dictatorships in the world, where limitations on freedom of movement are extreme and punishments severe.

Eritrea is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered on the northeast and east by the Red Sea, on the west and northwest by Sudan, on the south by Ethiopia, and on the southeast by Djibouti.

Note that the border between Eritrea and Ethiopia is disputed.

This is a list of the extreme points of Eritrea, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location.

The predominantly Biher-Tigrinya populated urban centers in Eritrea are the capital Asmara, Mendefera, Dekemhare, Adi Keyh, Adi Quala and Senafe, while there is a significant population of Biher-Tigrinya in other cities including Keren, and Massawa.

The remaining 95 % are Christians, so divided: 78 % of the Eritrean Orthodox faith, 12 % Roman Catholic and Eastern Catholic ( whose mass is held in Ge ' ez as opposed to Latin ), and 5 % belonging to various Protestant and other Christian denominations, the majority of which belong to the ( Lutheran ) Evangelical Church of Eritrea.

The most vigorous claimant has been Ethiopia and Eritrea, where Sheba was traditionally linked with the ancient Axumite Kingdom.

Ge ' ez ( ግዕዝ, ; also transliterated Gi ' iz, and less precisely called Ethiopic ) is an ancient South Semitic language that originated in the northern region of Ethiopia and southern Eritrea in the Horn of Africa.

The most recent research, however, shows that Ge ' ez, the ancient Semitic language spoken in Eritrea and northern Ethiopia in ancient times, is not derived from Sabaean.

Almaqah or Ilmuqah ( Epigraphic South Arabian ‮ 13px13px13px13px13px ‬; Ge ' ez አለመቀሀ, ʾLMQH, Arabic المقة ) was a sun god of the ancient Yemeni kingdom of Saba ' and the kingdoms of Dʿmt and Aksum in Eritrea and Northern Ethiopia ( branched out of Saba ).

Keskese is a site of an ancient Aksumite ruin in Eritrea, north of Matara.

Some Eastern Catholic Churches ( for instance, the Ethiopic-rite Catholics of Ethiopia and Eritrea ) have adopted the use of unleavened bread, justifying it by reference to the ancient Jewish practice of using only unleavened bread at Passover meals, and give Communion by intinction.

The Italians created the colony of Eritrea in the 19th century around Asmara, and named it with its current name.

During the medieval period and prior to the Ottoman occupation of Debarewa in 1557, Eritrea ’ s historical name was Bahre-Negash ( Kingdom of the Sea ).

The Kingdom of Italy created Eritrea at the end of the nineteenth century, using the classical name for the Red Sea (" erythra ").

Another possibility is the African shore of the Red Sea, with the name perhaps being derived from the Afar people of Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti.

In Ethiopia and Eritrea, a child adopts the given name of one of their parents, usually the father, as a pseudo-surname.

Known by the same name, they operated inside the capital city, Asmara, during the last 15-20 years of the armed struggle in Eritrea against Ethiopia.

In the late 1980s, JINSA underwent a profound repurposing of mission which, although retaining the interest in maintaining and strengthening the U. S .- Israeli defense relationship, widened its focus to general U. S. defense and foreign policy, with missions and meetings with national leaders and military officials from countries as diverse as Ethiopia, Belgium, South Korea, India, Bulgaria, Italy, the Republic of China, Uzbekistan, Costa Rica, Spain, Eritrea, Jordan, the People's Republic of China, Hungary, United Kingdom and Germany, to name a few.

Operation Addition was the name given to the Canadian contribution to United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea, the United Nations peacekeeping forces in Ethiopia and Eritrea after the Eritrean – Ethiopian War.

G-15 is a name given to a group in Eritrea that opposes the policy of President Isaias Afewerki postponing elections and their failure in implementing the constitution.

The airline was established in 1991, but in name only, serving as the ground handling agent at Asmara International Airport and at Assab and Massawa and sales agent for other major airlines flying to Eritrea.

Suwa is the name for the homebrewed beer common in Eritrea.

: See also Debre Libanos ( Eritrea ) for another monastery of the same name.

G-15 is a name given to a group in Eritrea that opposes the policy of President Isaias Afewerki postponing elections and their failure in implementing the constitution.

In the broadest sense, the word Habesha may refer to anyone from Ethiopia or Eritrea, although some would exclude themselves from this association .< ref name = abesha >

Although Bill Clinton did not identify the African leaders by name, it is generally assumed that he was referring to, among others, Yoweri Museveni of Uganda, Paul Kagame of Rwanda, Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia and Isaias Afewerki of Eritrea.

In order to weaken the Orthodox Christian Amhara people who had run Ethiopia in the past, territory claimed by Eritrean Tigray-Tigrinyas and Somalis was given to the Eritrea Governorate and Somalia Governorate., Reconstruction efforts after the war in 1936, were partially focused on benefiting the Muslim peoples in the colony at the expense of the Amhara to strengthen support by Muslims for the Italian colony.

Though there had been past attempts to publish magazines geared toward the Ethiopian community in the Twin Cities, Mestawet was the first to achieve regular publication and become widely distributed to the area's estimated 15, 000 or more immigrants from Ethiopia and Eritrea.